Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress in Platelet Alterations and Thrombosis Risk among Frail Older Adults.

Frailty and cardiovascular diseases are increasingly prevalent in aging populations, sharing common pathological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress. The evidence shows that these factors predispose frail individuals to cardiovascular diseases but also increase the risk of thrombosis. Considering this background, this review aims to explore advances regarding the relationship between oxidative stress, platelet alterations, and cardiovascular diseases in frailty, examining the role of reactive oxygen species overproduction in platelet activation and thrombosis.

Altered dynamics of calcium fluxes and mitochondrial metabolism in platelet activation-related disease and aging.

Understanding the mechanisms controlling platelet function is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic targets related to atherothrombotic pathologies and primary hemostasis disorders. Our research, which focuses on the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis, has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, Ca-dependent cellular signaling has been recognized as a determinant process throughout the platelet activation, controlled primarily by store-operated Ca entry and the PLC-PKC signaling pathway.

Regulation of mitochondrial function by hydroquinone derivatives as prevention of platelet activation.

Platelet activation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in different diseases (e.g., cancer, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular diseases, and even in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019).

Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review.

In the context of accelerated aging of the population worldwide, frailty has emerged as one of the main risk factors that can lead to loss of self-sufficiency in older people. This syndrome is defined as a reduced state of physiological reserve and functional capacity. The main diagnostic tools for frailty are based on scales that show deficits compared to their clinical application, such as the Fried frailty phenotype, among others.

Characterization by Gender of Frailty Syndrome in Elderly People according to Frail Trait Scale and Fried Frailty Phenotype.

Background: Frailty has emerged as one of the main geriatric syndromes to be prevented in order to improve quality of health and life in the elderly. In this sense, the characterization of this syndrome through reliable and feasible diagnostic tools for clinical use, such as the Frail Trait Scale 5 (FTS-5) and Frail Trait Scale 3 (FTS-3), represents the basis for this objective. Objectives: To characterize the frailty syndrome in a population of older adults using FTS-5, FTS-3, and Fried phenotype (FP) as frailty diagnostic tools.

Plasma Vitamin C and Risk of Late Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study.

Recent studies have shown that depletion of vitamin C is frequent in outpatient kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and that vitamin C is inversely associated with risk of death. Whether plasma vitamin C is associated with death-censored kidney graft failure remains unknown. We investigated KTR who participated in the TransplantLines Insulin Resistance and Inflammation Biobank and Cohort Study.

The Role of Coffee and its Bioactive Components in Platelet Function and Aging.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to be the world's leading cause of death and different factors are known to increase the risk of death, including aging, mainly due to increased oxidative stress and inflammation observed in older people. Acute myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents belong to CVD, and are the ones that cause the most deaths and disabilities, where greater platelet activation plays an important role in pathophysiology. These diseases are more prevalent in older people, which have a clear relationship with increased platelet function and are strongly related to aging.

Latest Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Optimization of Metabolic Syndrome Treatment.

Background: Drug delivery systems such as hydrogels have become relevant in cardiovascular and metabolic therapies due to their sustained and controlled release properties of drugs, versatile polymer structures, safety, and biodegradability.

Results: The literature presented demonstrates that a hydrogel-based controlled release system increases the therapeutic efficacy in different components of the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension has been the most explored component with advances in in vitro and murine models.

Mitoquinone (MitoQ) Inhibits Platelet Activation Steps by Reducing ROS Levels.

Platelet activation plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. The generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been described as a critical step required for platelet activation. For this reason, it is necessary to find new molecules with antiplatelet activity and identify their mechanisms of action.

Frail older adults show a distinct plasma microvesicle profile suggesting a prothrombotic and proinflammatory phenotype.

In a global context of advanced aging, geriatric diseases such as frailty syndrome face challenges in the search for biomarkers and preventive strategies. Frailty has been associated with atherothrombotic pathologies. Circulating microvesicles (cMVs), phospholipid-rich vesicles with a size of 0.

Polypharmacy Is Associated with Frailty, Nutritional Risk and Chronic Disease in Chilean Older Adults: Remarks from PIEI-ES Study.

Aim: To analyze the relationship between polypharmacy and variables as frailty and other chronic comorbidities in Chilean older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One thousand two hundred and five older adults aged 65 and older.

Older adults with frailty syndrome present an altered platelet function and an increased level of circulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction biomarker GDF-15.

Introduction: The elderly population is increasing worldwide and in Chile, it is expected to grow rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) ICOPE guideline (Integrated Care for Older People) emphasizes the importance of frailty diagnosis to prevent dependence. Frailty in older adults is considered an indicator of vulnerability and poor health outcomes, of multifactorial etiology.

Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging.

Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet.

High-Intensity Exercise Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy but Does Not Restore the Nitroso-Redox Imbalance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the manifestations in the heart as a result of altered glucose homeostasis, reflected as fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis, leading to ventricular dysfunction. Since physical exercise has been indicated as cardioprotective, we tested the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise training could reverse the cardiac maladaptations produced by diabetes. For this, diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of alloxan.

Simplified HPLC methodology for quantifying biological pterins by selective oxidation.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH) has become a potential therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases, since it is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase. In order to quantify the amount of BH and its related biopterins, a procedure that involves differential oxidation is currently used, which measures biopterin (the product of the oxidation of BH and BH) at two different pH conditions to calculate the quantity of BH and BH, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, a method was established in order to quantify BH and BH by adapting previously described procedures.