Prediction of Exercise Tolerance in the Severe and Extreme Intensity Domains by a Critical Power Model.

This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of different critical power (CP) models on cycling exercise tolerance in the severe- and extreme-intensity domains. Nineteen cyclists (age: 23.0 ± 2.

Energy metabolism and muscle activation heterogeneity explain slow component and muscle fatigue of cycling at different intensities.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the physiological mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue and the increase in the O cost per unit of work during high-intensity exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Muscle fatigue happens before, and does not explain, the slow component ( ), but they share the same origin. Muscle activation heterogeneity is associated with muscle fatigue and . Knowing this may improve training prescriptions for healthy people leading to improved public health outcomes.

What Do We Know about Frame Running? A Narrative Review.

This narrative review aims to provide a general overview of the literature about frame running, which is a recent modality of Para-Athletics. Frame running is practiced by using a tricycle without pedals called PETRA RaceRunner, by people with moderate to severe cerebral palsy and other lower limb functional limitations. Briefly, the movement pattern is very similar to walking and running.

Physiological and Perceptual Responses in Spinal Cord Injury Handcyclists During an Endurance Interval Training: The Role of Critical Speed.

Objective: This study sought to determine the physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) responses during an endurance interval training at the critical speed in elite handcyclists with spinal cord injury.

Design: Eight handcyclists performed an incremental test, three tests to exhaustion at a constant speed to determine critical speed, and the endurance interval training. The endurance interval training consisted of 6 × 5 mins at the individualized critical speed, with passive recovery of 50 secs.

Metabolic Cost and Performance of Athletes With Lower Limb Amputation and Nonamputee Matched Controls During Running: A Systematic Review.

The elastic function of running-specific prostheses likely contributes to a lower metabolic cost of running. However, it remains unclear whether running-specific prostheses provide advantages concerning the metabolic cost of running in relationship with nonamputee runners. This study aimed to systematically review the scientific literature to examine the peak performance (peak oxygen consumption-VO2peak and peak speed) and the metabolic cost between paired amputees and nonamputees during running and between amputee runners with traditional prostheses and running-specific prostheses.

Heart rate variability kinetics during different intensity domains of cycling exercise in healthy subjects.

The purpose of this study was to verify the heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) kinetics during the fundamental phase in different intensity domains of cycling exercise. Fourteen males performed five exercise sessions: (1) maximal incremental cycling test; (2) two rest-to-exercise transitions for each intensity domain, that is, heavy (Δ30) and severe (Δ60) domains. HRV markers (SD1 and SD2) and HR kinetics in the fundamental phase were analyzed by first-order exponential fitting.

Determination of the speed-time relationship during handcycling in spinal cord injured athletes.

This study aimed to determine the critical speed (CS) and the work above CS (D') from three mathematical models of para-athletes during a treadmill handcycling exercise. Nine hand-cyclists with spinal cord injuries performed a maximal incremental handcycling test and three tests to exhaustion at a constant speed to determine the speed-time relationship. The three tests to exhaustion were performed at intensities between 90% and 105% of peak speed derived from the incremental test.

Applicability of Dmax Method on Heart Rate Variability to Estimate the Lactate Thresholds in Male Runners.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of the Dmax method on heart rate variability (HRV) to estimate the lactate thresholds (LT), during a maximal incremental running test (MIRT).

Methods: Nineteen male runners performed two MIRTs, with the initial speed at 8 km·h and increments of 1 km·h every 3 minutes, until exhaustion. Measures of HRV and blood lactate concentrations were obtained, and lactate (LT and LT) and HRV (HRVT and HRVT) thresholds were identified.

Neuromuscular features in sprinters with cerebral palsy: case studies based on paralympic classification.

Despite the evolution of runner performance in athletes with cerebral palsy (CP), little is known about neuromuscular parameters of sprinters from different classes, especially related to power output, muscular imbalances and asymmetry indexes in lower limbs. The aim of this study was to assess muscle power, muscular imbalance and asymmetry in sprinters with CP. Four male sprinters with CP (age, 18 to 27 years; body mass, 58.