[Double aortic arch and aortotracheal fistula as cause of fatal massive bleeding: a rare and dangerous association].

Unlabelled: Vascular rings are unusual congenital malformations. Among them, double aortic arch (DAA) is often difficult to diagnose due to its low incidence of symptoms. DAA can be associated with tracheal or esophageal compression and, in severe cases, could require tracheal intubation or chronic use of a nasogastric tube.

Development and Validation of a Laryngeal Microsurgery Simulation Training System for Otolaryngology Residents.

Objective: This study aims to create a synthetic laryngeal microsurgery simulation model and training program; to assess its face, content, and construct validity; and to review the available phonomicrosurgery simulation models in the literature.

Study Design: Nonrandomly assigned control study.

Setting: Simulation training course for the otolaryngology residency program at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.