Differential tissue expression of extracellular vesicle-derived proteins in prostate cancer.

Background: Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from prostate cancer (PCa) and normal prostate cell lines, led to the identification of new candidate PCa markers. These proteins included the nuclear exportin proteins XPO1 (also known as CRM1), the EV-associated PDCD6IP (also known as ALIX), and the previously published fatty acid synthase FASN. In this study, we investigated differences in expression of XPO1 and PDCD6IP on well-characterized prostate cancer cohorts using mass spectrometry and tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistry to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value.

Current status of urology surgical training in Europe: an ESRU-ESU-ESUT collaborative study.

Purpose: To determine the current status of surgical training amongst European Urology Residents, including their satisfaction with training and their confidence in performing procedures.

Methods: A 23-item survey was distributed to the 15th European Urology Residents Education Programme (EUREP) 2017 participants. An analysis of demographics, workload, training resources, surgical exposure, surgical caseload, satisfaction and confidence in performing each procedure was performed.

Tissue proteomics outlines AGR2 AND LOX5 as markers for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Although many patients are cured from prostate cancer (PCa) by surgery only, there are still patients who will experience rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels after surgery, a condition known as biochemical recurrence (BCR). Novel protein prognostic markers in PCa tissue might enable finding better treatment for those patients experiencing BCR with a high chance of metastasis. In this study, we aimed to identify altered proteins in prostate cancer tissue, and to evaluate their potential role as prognostic markers.

Immuno-based detection of extracellular vesicles in urine as diagnostic marker for prostate cancer.

Extracellular vesicles (including the subclass exosomes) secreted by cells contain specific proteins and RNA that could be of interest in determining new markers. Isolation/characterization of PCa-derived exosomes from bodily fluids enables us to discover new markers for this disease. Unfortunately, isolation with current techniques (ultracentrifugation) is labor intensive and other techniques are still under development.

Alpha-blockers as medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones.

Background: Urinary stone disease is one of the most common reasons for patients visiting a urology practice, affecting about 5% to 10% of the population. Annual costs for stone disease have rapidly increased over the years and most patients with ureteral colic or other symptoms seek medical care. Stone size and location are important predictors of stone passage.

Proteomic profiling of exosomes leads to the identification of novel biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Background: Current markers for prostate cancer, such as PSA lack specificity. Therefore, novel biomarkers are needed. Unfortunately, the complexity of body fluids often hampers biomarker discovery.

Exosomes as biomarker treasure chests for prostate cancer.

Context: Although progress has been made with regard to types of markers (protein, DNA, RNA, and metabolites) and implementation of improved technologies (mass spectrometry, arrays, and deep sequencing), the discovery of novel biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) in complex fluids, such as serum and urine, remains a challenge. Meanwhile, recent studies have reported that many cancer-derived proteins and RNAs are secreted through small vesicles known as exosomes.

Objective: This narrative review describes recent progress in exosome research, focusing on the potential role of exosomes as novel biomarkers for PCa.

Steroid injection in addition to macular laser grid photocoagulation in diabetic macular oedema: a systematic review.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence for the effects of steroid injection in addition to macular laser grid (MLG) photocoagulation versus those of MLG photocoagulation alone on visual acuity (VA) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods: An extensive literature search in Medline (PubMed), Experta Medica (EMBASE) and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) using synonyms for MLG photocoagulation, steroid injection and DMO found 181 articles. Of the articles that met selection criteria, three studies in which patients receiving MLG photocoagulation were randomized to additional pretreatment with steroids provided the best available evidence.

alpha-Blockers to assist stone clearance after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To review the evidence for the use of alpha-blockers after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in enhancing the effectiveness of renal and ureteric stone clearance.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to January 2009. All randomized controlled trials in which alpha-blockers were evaluated after ESWL were eligible for the analysis.

[Urological symptoms due to rectus sheath haematoma].

Two men presented at the Accident & Emergency Department with lower urinary tract symptoms. The first patient was a 76-year-old male with reddish urine and lower abdominal pain. A CT-scan revealed a tumorous mass related to the bladder.