Unraveling Electron Dynamics in p-type Indium Phosphide (100): A Time-Resolved Two-Photon Photoemission Study.

Renewable ("green") hydrogen production through direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a potential key contributor to the sustainable energy mix of the future. We investigate the potential of indium phosphide (InP) as a reference material among III-V semiconductors for PEC and photovoltaic (PV) applications. The p(2 × 2)/c(4 × 2)-reconstructed phosphorus-terminated p-doped InP(100) (P-rich p-InP) surface is the focus of our investigation.

Reduction of Inflammatory RANTES/CCL5 Serum Levels by Surgery in Patients with Bone Marrow Defects of the Jawbone.

Purpose: The presence of bone marrow defects of the jawbone (BMDJ) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines such as RANTES/CCL5. The purpose of this study was to analyze if BMDJ therapy under real-world conditions reduces RANTES/CCL5 serum levels in BMDJ patients.

Patients And Methods: During this retrospective study, 113 BMDJ patients received either no treatment (n = 57), BMDJ surgery (n = 25), tooth extraction (n = 20), or root canal treatment (n = 11).

SGLT5 is the renal transporter for 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major player in two rare forms of neutropenia.

Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) and severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4), associated with deficiencies of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) and the phosphatase G6PC3, respectively, are the result of the accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate in neutrophils. This is an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), an abundant polyol in blood. 1,5-AG is presumed to be reabsorbed in the kidney by a sodium-dependent-transporter of uncertain identity, possibly SGLT4/SLC5A9 or SGLT5/SLC5A10.

Successful use of empagliflozin to treat neutropenia in two G6PC3-deficient children: Impact of a mutation in SGLT5.

Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction found in deficiencies in G6PC3 and in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) are due to accumulation of 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5-AG6P), an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), an abundant polyol present in blood. Lowering blood 1,5-AG with an SGLT2 inhibitor greatly improved neutrophil counts and function in G6PC3-deficient mice and in patients with G6PT-deficiency. We evaluate this treatment in two G6PC3-deficient children.

Media framing of emergency departments: a call to action for nurses and other health care providers.

Background: As part of a larger study focused on interventions to enhance the capacity of nurses and other health care workers to provide equity-oriented care in emergency departments (EDs), we conducted an analysis of news media related to three EDs. The purpose of the analysis was to examine how media writers frame issues pertaining to nursing, as well as the health and social inequities that drive emergency department contexts, while considering what implications these portrayals hold for nursing practice.

Methods: We conducted a search of media articles specific to three EDs in Canada, published between January 1, 2018 and May 1, 2019.

Neurofascin and Compact Myelin Antigen-Specific T Cell Response Pattern in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Subtypes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate whether chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and its subtypes differ in their type 1 T-helper (TH1) cell response against nodal/paranodal neurofascin (NF186, NF155) as well as myelin protein zero (P0 180-199) and myelin basic protein (MBP 82-100).

Methods: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to detect antigen-specific T cell responses in 48 patients suffering typical CIDP ( = 18), distal acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy ( = 8), multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor polyneuropathy (MADSAM;  = 9), and sensory CIDP ( = 13) compared to other non-immune polyneuropathy (ON;  = 19) and healthy controls ( = 9).

Results: Compared to controls, MADSAM and sensory CIDP patients showed broadest IFN-γ T cell responses to all four antigens.

Neurofascin (NF)155- and NF186-Specific T Cell Response in a Patient Developing a Central Pontocerebellar Demyelination after 10 Years of CIDP.

Background: Information and pathobiological understanding about central demyelinating manifestation in patients, who primarily suffer from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), are scarce.

Methods: IFN-γ-response as well as antibodies against the (para)nodal antigens neurofascin (NF)155 and NF 186 had been tested by Elispot assay and ELISA before clinical manifestation and at follow-up.

Case Description And Results: The patient described here developed a subacute brainstem syndrome more than 10 years after diagnosis of CIDP under low-dose maintenance treatment of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG).

Differences in peripheral myelin antigen-specific T cell responses and T memory subsets in atypical versus typical CIDP.

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is presented by a large heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes. Around 50% of patients suffer from typical CIDP and show better therapy response than atypical variants. The goal of our study was to search for cellular immunological differences in typical versus atypical CIDP in comparison to controls.

Strategies for diagnosing leg oedema in primary care: a qualitative study of GPs' approaches.

Background: The symptom leg oedema represents a broad range of possible underlying aetiologies. The background of leg oedema is multifactorial and usually the GP is the first contact point for patients presenting with this symptom. GPs rely on patient history and physical examination as their main diagnostic tools.

Diagnosing headache in primary care: a qualitative study of GPs' approaches.

Background: Headache is one of the most common symptoms in primary care. Most headaches are due to primary headaches and many headache sufferers do not receive a specific diagnosis. There is still a gap in research on how GPs diagnose and treat patients with headache.

Enhanced extract preparation of native manganese and iron species from brain and liver tissue.

To date, no reference method for the extraction of labile Mn species from biological tissues is published which provides sufficient extraction efficiency combined with monitoring speciation. Here, an extraction method is reported using cryogenic conditions (+N) under inert gas atmosphere. Fresh brain and liver tissues were used, then stored either 1 day (+N) or 1 month in N(2liq) (+N 1 m) to evaluate degradation effects during long-term storage.

Automatically created concept graphs using descriptive keywords in the medical domain.

Objectives: Besides keyword search, navigational search is an important means to find relevant information in digital object collections. Such navigation is often supported by categorization systems or thesauri, which provide a hierarchical view on a particular domain and allow for browsing digital collections. Existing categorization systems, however, require large and expensive efforts for the manual creation and maintenance.

The truth will come to light: directions and challenges in extracting the knowledge embedded within trained artificial neural networks.

To date, the preponderance of techniques for eliciting the knowledge embedded in trained artificial neural networks (ANN's) has focused primarily on extracting rule-based explanations from feedforward ANN's. The ADT taxonomy for categorizing such techniques was proposed in 1995 to provide a basis for the systematic comparison of the different approaches. This paper shows that not only is this taxonomy applicable to a cross section of current techniques for extracting rules from trained feedforward ANN's but also how the taxonomy can be adapted and extended to embrace a broader range of ANN types (e.

Recruitment learning of boolean functions in sparse random networks.

This work presents a new class of neural network models constrained by biological levels of sparsity and weight-precision, and employing only local weight updates. Concept learning is accomplished through the rapid recruitment of existing network knowledge - complex knowledge being realised as a combination of existing basis concepts. Prior network knowledge is here obtained through the random generation of feedforward networks, with the resulting concept library tailored through distributional bias to suit a particular target class.

Providing leadership to a decentralized total quality process.

Integrating total quality management into the culture of an organization and the daily work of employees requires a decentralized leadership structure that encourages all employees to become involved. This article, based upon the experience of the University of Michigan Hospitals Professional Services Divisional Lead Team, outlines a process for decentralizing the total quality management process.

Plasma amino and keto acids in chronic renal failure.

During both early and late stages of chronic renal insufficiency the response of BCKA to the disease state, as indicated by plasma levels, differs from that of BCAA. Val is the only BCAA whose concentration changes under the conditions of our study, and this only during the more advanced stages of disease. In contrast, all three BCKA declined, KIVA and KICA even in mild renal failure, showing that already during the early stages of the disease these BCKA levels are decreased.