Efficacy of subcutaneous Levothyroxine in a case of refractory hypothyroidism: A case report.

Rationale: Daily oral synthetic levothyroxine (LT4) is the main treatment for hypothyroidism, which, in most cases, allows the regression of symptoms and the normalization of the thyroid function. However, rarely, despite a high dose of oral LT4, hypothyroidism persists and is called refractory hypothyroidism. Intravenous or intramuscular treatment is then often necessary.

Severe pancytopenia due to acute folate deficiency despite normal folate erythrocyte level.

We report the case of an alcoholic patient with severe pancytopenia with low plasma folate level but normal erythrocyte folates and cobalamin levels. The bone marrow smear concluded to a pancytopenia due to folates and/or cobalamin deficiency. Severe pancytopenia due to acute plasma folate deficiency can be observed despite normal erythrocyte folates level which reflects the organism's folates store.

High tumoral levels of Kiss1 and G-protein-coupled receptor 54 expression are correlated with poor prognosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors.

KiSS1 is a putative metastasis suppressor gene in melanoma and breast cancer-encoding kisspeptins, which are also described as neuroendocrine regulators of the gonadotropic axis. Negative as well as positive regulation of KiSS1 gene expression by estradiol (E(2)) has been reported in the hypothalamus. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha level is recognized as a marker of breast cancer, raising the question of whether expression of KiSS1 and its G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) is down- or upregulated by estrogens in breast cancer cells.

A subset of ATM- and ATR-dependent phosphorylation events requires the BRCA1 protein.

BRCA1 is a central component of the DNA damage response mechanism and defects in BRCA1 confer sensitivity to a broad range of DNA damaging agents. BRCA1 is required for homologous recombination and DNA damage-induced S and G(2)/M phase arrest. We show here that BRCA1 is required for ATM- and ATR-dependent phosphorylation of p53, c-Jun, Nbs1 and Chk2 following exposure to ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, respectively, and is also required for ATM phosphorylation of CtIP.

Constitutive association of BRCA1 and c-Abl and its ATM-dependent disruption after irradiation.

BRCA1 plays an important role in mechanisms of response to double-strand breaks, participating in genome surveillance, DNA repair, and cell cycle checkpoint arrests. Here, we identify a constitutive BRCA1-c-Abl complex and provide evidence for a direct interaction between the PXXP motif in the C terminus of BRCA1 and the SH3 domain of c-Abl. Following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), the BRCA1-c-Abl complex is disrupted in an ATM-dependent manner, which correlates temporally with ATM-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA1 and ATM-dependent enhancement of the tyrosine kinase activity of c-Abl.