Classical Double Copy and Higher-Spin Fields.

Kerr-Schild double copy is shown to extend naturally to all free symmetric gauge fields propagating on (A)dS in any dimension. Similarly to the standard lower-spin case, the higher-spin multicopy comes along with the zeroth, single, and double copies. The masslike term of the Fronsdal spin s field equations fixed by gauge symmetry and the mass of the zeroth copy both appear to be remarkably fine-tuned to fit the multicopy pattern forming a spectrum organized by higher-spin symmetry.

[Ontogenetic characteristics of patients with erectile dysfunction with different types of aging.].

Age-related erectile dysfunction (ED) can be formed during ontogenesis in accordance with various mechanisms of the pathogenesis of aging in conjunction with a particular cluster of diseases. The aim of the work is to study ontogenetic features of ED patients in late ontogeny of various types of aging. 65 men over 45 with an explicit form of ED were examined.

Zebra Tail Amplification: Accelerated Detection of Apoptotic Blunt-Ended DNA Breaks by In Situ Ligation.

In situ ligation (ISL) is a simple and specific technique for apoptosis labeling in tissue sections. In its most economical version ISL uses ordinary PCR-labeled DNA fragments as probes. In tissue sections these makeshift probes are ligated to apoptotic DNA breaks by T4 DNA ligase.

Quick Detection of DNase II-Type Breaks in Formalin-Fixed Tissue Sections.

Blunt-ended DNase II-type breaks with 5' hydroxyls are generated in phagocytic cells of any lineage during digestion of the engulfed DNA. These breaks indicate the ongoing active phagocytic reaction. They are produced by the acid deoxyribonuclease-DNase II which is the primary endonuclease responsible for DNA degradation after its engulfment.

Express FRET Labeling and Analysis of Phagocytic Clearance.

Lysosomal DNase II in phagocytic digestion produces DNA ends with 3'PO/5'OH, which differ from those created in apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and can be used to label phagocytic clearance of cell death. Here, we describe the use of these specific DNA ends as selective markers of phagocytic reaction in cell suspensions. The approach does not require cell fixation.

Dual Detection of Nucleolytic and Proteolytic Markers of Lysosomal Cell Death: DNase II-Type Breaks and Cathepsin D.

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade proteins and DNA. Leakage of these reactive compounds through a compromised lysosomal membrane causes lysosomal cell death, which can have apoptotic, necrotic, or mixed morphology. Lysosomal cathepsin proteases, such as cathepsin D, and the lysosomal endonuclease, DNase II, have both been implicated in lysosome-related cell death.

Apoptotic Bodies: Selective Detection in Extracellular Vesicles.

Normal and dying cells release various types of membrane-bound vesicles including microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies. These vesicles play important roles in intercellular communication and signal transduction. However, their diverse forms and subtypes fluctuate in size and other properties.

Nanoblinker: Brownian motion powered bio-nanomachine for FRET detection of phagocytic phase of apoptosis.

We describe a new type of bio-nanomachine which runs on thermal noise. The machine is solely powered by the random motion of water molecules in its environment and does not ever require re-fuelling. The construct, which is made of DNA and vaccinia virus topoisomerase protein, can detect DNA damage by employing fluorescence.

Assessing phagocytic clearance of cell death in experimental stroke by ligatable fluorescent probes.

We describe a new histochemical approach for visualization of phagocytic clearance in focal brain ischemia. The approach permits the study of elimination of dead cells in stroke by waste-management phagocytes of any cellular lineage. Although numerous cells of different origins that are capable of phagocytosis are present in ischemic brain, only part of them actively engulf and digest cell corpses.

Selective transport of cationized fluorescent topoisomerase into nuclei of live cells for DNA damage studies.

The targeted delivery of fluorescently labeled, DNA-modifying proteins into cellular nuclei permits investigation of DNA damage and chromatin function in living cells. Commercially available protein delivery vectors cannot provide selective intranuclear transportation and primarily unload their cargo in the cytoplasm. Here we describe a simple approach for specific intranuclear transportation of vaccinia topoisomerase protein based on its cationization.

Selective detection of phagocytic phase of apoptosis in fixed tissue sections.

Degradation of apoptotic cells is finalized during the phagocytic waste-management phase of apoptosis. This eliminates genetic material present in dying cells which often contain pathological, viral, or cancerous DNA. In the waste-management phase, chromatin of apoptotic cells is engulfed and digested by professional phagocytes or surrounding tissue cells.

[Prognosis of the hemorrhage recurrence in the patients suffering from acute gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding].

The prognostication method for the hemorrhage recurrence, permitting to estimate the risk of its occurrence and to prescribe an adequate antirecurrence treatment, was proposed. Among numerous predictors of recurrence the most significant clinical, endoscopic and laboratory factors were selected to raise the prognostication precision. Depending on therisk degree of a recurrent hemorrhage, different methods of treatment were prescribed to the patients.

[Treatment strategy for ulcerative gastrointestinal bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract].

The deep statistical analysis of patients treatment with the ulcerous gastroduodenal bleeding set 2 years works of Center of the gastroduodenal bleeding of Dnepropetrovsk is conducted. It is exposed, that wide application of methods of endoscopic haemostasis and endoscopic monitoring allowed substantially to reduce the amount of operations at this category of patients and improve the results.

In vitro assembly of semi-artificial molecular machine and its use for detection of DNA damage.

Naturally occurring bio-molecular machines work in every living cell and display a variety of designs. Yet the development of artificial molecular machines centers on devices capable of directional motion, i.e.

Environmental risk management for radiological accidents: integrating risk assessment and decision analysis for remediation at different spatial scales.

The consequences of the Tohuku earthquake and subsequent tsunami in March 2011 caused a loss of power at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, in Japan, and led to the release of radioactive materials into the environment. Although the full extent of the contamination is not currently known, the highly complex nature of the environmental contamination (radionuclides in water, soil, and agricultural produce) typical of nuclear accidents requires a detailed geospatial analysis of information with the ability to extrapolate across different scales with applications to risk assessment models and decision making support. This article briefly summarizes the approach used to inform risk-based land management and remediation decision making after the Chernobyl, Soviet Ukraine, accident in 1986.

[Rational antibacterial therapy of acute surgical diseases of abdominal organs].

Comparative analysis of medical documents, concerning 1055 patients, aged 18-92 yrs old, operated for an acute surgical diseases of abdominal organs in 2007-2009 yrs, was performed. Preoperative antibioticotherapy was performed in all the patients, in 877 of them ceftazidim (ceftadim) was administered as the main antibacterial preparation and in 178--other antibacterial preparations. Application of ceftadim, as a basic preparation in antibioticotherapy, had permitted to lower the purulent-septic complications rate by 61% and to reduce the stationary treatment duration of the patients.

5'OH DNA breaks in apoptosis and their labeling by topoisomerase-based approach.

Recently, the concept of apoptotic cell elimination was expanded and programed cell death is no longer viewed as an individual cellular event. The complete description of the apoptotic process now includes two phases: the self-driven cell disassembly and the externally-controlled elimination of apoptotic cell corpses by phagocytizing cells. The second, phagocytic phase is essential, highly conserved, and is even more important than the internal phase of cell disassembly.

In situ ligation simplified: using PCR fragments for detection of double-strand DNA breaks in tissue sections.

The simplified in situ ligation procedure is described. All reagents for the assay can be easily obtained in any molecular or cell biology laboratory. The technique uses ligation of double-stranded, PCR-derived DNA fragments labeled with digoxigenin or fluorophores for highly selective detection of apoptotic cells in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

In situ ligation: a decade and a half of experience.

The in situ ligation (ISL) methodology detects apoptotic cells by the presence of characteristic DNA double-strand breaks. A labeled double-stranded probe is ligated to the double-strand breaks in situ on tissue sections. Like the popular TUNEL assay, ISL detects cells in apoptosis based on the ongoing destruction of DNA by apoptotic nucleases.

In situ labeling of DNA breaks and apoptosis by T7 DNA polymerase.

The native T7 DNA polymerase is a fast and highly processive enzyme that can be used for in situ detection of apoptosis and various types of DNA breaks. The technique is quick and simple, and was shown to label earlier stages of apoptosis compared to the terminal transferase technique. The in situ labeling applications of T7 DNA polymerase are presented and summarized from the DNA damage detection standpoint.

Semi-artificial Fluorescent Molecular Machine for DNA Damage Detection.

The design of artificial molecular machines is complicated because the mechanics used in macromachines is not readily adaptable for nano environments. We constructed a semi-artificial molecular device, which contains a naturally occurring molecular machine-a vaccinia virus encoded protein-linked with an artificial part. The self-assembled construct makes two fluorescently labeled detector units.

Oscillating probe for dual detection of 5'PO4 and 5'OH DNA breaks in tissue sections.

Several types of DNA cuts are used as markers of apoptosis for detection of apoptotic cells in situ. We recently introduced a ligase-based in situ assay that is specific for a single type of DNA damage--a double-strand break of DNase I-type, bearing 5'PO4. Here we describe a vaccinia topoisomerase I-based approach to label another type of DNA damage in situ--a double-strand break of DNase II-type, bearing 5'OH.

Horseradish peroxidase-driven fluorescent labeling of nanotubes with quantum dots.

We describe the first enzyme-driven technique for fluorescent labeling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The labeling was performed via enzymatic biotinylation of nanotubes in the tyramide-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction. Both direct and indirect fuorescent labeling of SWNTs was achieved using either biotinyl tyramide or fluorescently tagged tyramides.

Polyethyleneimine as a transmembrane carrier of fluorescently labeled proteins and antibodies.

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been used previously as a nonviral DNA transfer vector. In this article, we demonstrate its use as a vehicle for transmembrane delivery of proteins in cell culture conditions. Linking proteins to PEI required no other treatment beyond mixing them with PEI.