Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia: Analysis of 71 Cases.

Objective: Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is characterized by benign bilateral enlarged adrenal masses, causing Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of the current article is to define the role of unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) in treating patients with CS related to PBMAH.

Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted to identify articles reporting UA to treat PBMAH.

C-peptide as a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States population.

Aim: To determine whether fasting C-peptide is an independent predictor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in United States population.

Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, NAFLD participants aged 20 or greater without any other liver diseases were included in this study. Excessive alcohol intake is defined as > 2 drinks per day for males and > 1 drink per day for females.

Landing a GI Fellowship: The Match and the Map.

Background: Based on the location of training programs, internal applicants and local applicants were defined as applicants who attended the same training institution and trained in local areas (i.e., state, division, and region), respectively.

Role of cytological and ultrasonographic features in predicting the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the diagnostic value of several cytological and ultrasonographic features in predicting malignancy in thyroid follicular neoplasms.

Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 145 patients, who have had the diagnosis of follicular neoplasm on US guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), and had undergone thyroidectomy. The cytological slides and the ultrasonographic images were reviewed, and several ultrasonographic and cytological features were evaluated and correlated with final histology.

Adrenalectomy for adrenocortical adenoma causing Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy: a case report and review of literature.

We present a case of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome diagnosed in a patient in the third trimester of her pregnancy, with an adrenal mass observed on imaging studies. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed successfully at 32 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the latest gestational age at which laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been reported.

[Summary of the Israeli Endocrine Society's consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of well-differentiated thyroid cancer].

Well differentiated epithelial cell thyroid cancer is not classified amongst the most aggressive diseases. Notwithstanding, it can potentially both impair quality of life and affect life expectancy. Appropriate treatment has been shown to be crucial in obtaining optimal outcomes on the course of the disease.

Low-dose and high-dose adrenocorticotropin testing: indications and shortcomings.

Purpose Of Review: The 250 microg adrenocorticotropin test (high-dose test) is the most commonly used adrenal stimulation test, though the use of physiologic doses (1.0 microg or 0.5 microg/1.

Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma masquerading as alcoholic hepatitis and methadone withdrawal.

Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma is a rare neoplasm of mature gamma/delta T-cells with sinusoidal infiltration of spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Patients are predominantly adolescent and young adult males and usually present with marked hepatosplenomegaly. Pancytopenia is another common finding.

Classic and recent etiologies of Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis and therapy.

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can result from excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; corticotropin) production by a pituitary adenoma (Cushing's disease) or by ectopic tumors secreting ACTH or corticotro- pin-releasing hormone (CRH). ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome is caused by adrenocortical tumors or hyperplasias. Initial diagnosis is performed using 24-hour urinary free cortisol, low-dose dexamethasone tests, salivary cortisol, or night-time plasma cortisol values.

The assessment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in pituitary disease: are there short cuts?

The main task of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is to enable sufficient cortisol release under regular and stressful situations. Therefore, to prove its being intact in pituitary disease, stimulation tests are usually needed. Cortisol level has to be shown to exceed a threshold level, which has to be defined on normal subjects in each lab, as results may differ greatly.

[Does hypothyroidism contribute to the etiology of primary open angle glaucoma or is it just a coincidence?].

In a prospective study 83 consecutive patients with progressive primary open angle glaucoma (research group) and 62 patients scheduled for cataract surgery (control group), were evaluated for the presence of hypothyroidism by history, blood levels of TSH and free T4 when necessary. In the research group, nine patients (10.8%) had hypothyroidism, 6 of them already known.

False positive metaiodobenzylguanidine scan in a patient with a huge adrenocortical carcinoma.

We report a case of a 17-cm cortisol-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in which [123I] metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan showed accumulation of the isotope in the area of the tumor. Catecholamine levels were normal, and no chromaffin cells were found in histological examination of the tumor. A literature review of previously described cases of false positive MIBG scans in the adrenal region is offered.

A prospective trial of colchicine and methotrexate in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine if colchicine or methotrexate improves blood test results, symptoms, and/or liver histology in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed primary biliary cirrhosis whose serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were at least 2 times above normal and who were not yet candidates for liver transplantation received colchicine or methotrexate and were followed up for 2 years.

Results: In patients receiving colchicine (n = 43), mean pruritus score decreased from 1.