A genetically-controlled, cross-lagged study of the association between friends' deviance and participants' delinquency during adolescence: A replication.

The goal of the present study was to replicate Burt et al. (2009) and Hou et al. (2013) findings by determining the contribution of peers' deviance to changes in participants' (monozygotic [MZ] twins') self-reported delinquency from mid- to late adolescence while controlling for possible gene-environment correlations (rGE) through the use of the cotwin method in the context of a cross-lagged design.

Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of Synucleinopathies.

Synucleinopathies are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein in neurons and glia, in the form of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Synucleinopathies can be divided into two major disease entities: Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Common clinical presentations of Lewy body disease are Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), while MSA has two major clinical subtypes, MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia and MSA with predominant parkinsonism.

Shared brain transcriptomic signature in TDP-43 type A FTLD patients with or without GRN mutations.

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) is a complex heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder for which mechanisms are poorly understood. To explore transcriptional changes underlying FTLD-TDP, we performed RNA-sequencing on 66 genetically unexplained FTLD-TDP patients, 24 FTLD-TDP patients with GRN mutations and 24 control participants. Using principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, differential expression and coexpression network analyses, we showed that GRN mutation carriers and FTLD-TDP-A patients without a known mutation shared a common transcriptional signature that is independent of GRN loss-of-function.

TREM2 interacts with TDP-43 and mediates microglial neuroprotection against TDP-43-related neurodegeneration.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is linked to risk of neurodegenerative disease. However, the function of TREM2 in neurodegeneration is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of microglial TREM2 in TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-related neurodegeneration using virus-mediated and transgenic mouse models.

Plasma VP8∗-Binding Antibodies in Rotavirus Infection and Oral Vaccination in Young Bangladeshi Children.

Background: Despite the availability and success of live-attenuated oral vaccines, rotavirus (RV) remains the leading cause of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. Next-generation vaccines targeting RV VP8∗ are under evaluation, but the role of VP8∗-specific antibodies in human immunity to RV and their potential as immune correlates of protection remains underexplored.

Methods: We measured plasma RV VP8∗-binding antibodies in 2 cohorts of young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Who Cares? Preferences for Formal and Informal Care Among Older Adults in Québec.

Policy makers, practitioners, and scholars are increasingly examining the types of care services (formal vs. informal) offered to older adults. This study evaluates predictors of these adults' preferences for care types in Québec, Canada, based on a province-wide survey inserted in a magazine of the largest seniors' club in Canada (FADOQ).

AD-linked R47H- mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation.

The hemizygous R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (), a microglia-specific gene in the brain, increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using transcriptomic analysis of single nuclei from brain tissues of patients with AD carrying the R47H mutation or the common variant (CV)–, we found that R47H-associated microglial subpopulations had enhanced inflammatory signatures reminiscent of previously identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) and hyperactivation of AKT, one of the signaling pathways downstream of TREM2. We established a tauopathy mouse model with heterozygous knock-in of the human with the R47H mutation or CV and found that R47H induced and exacerbated TAU-mediated spatial memory deficits in female mice.

Concurrent tau pathologies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology.

Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) can have pathologic accumulation of multiple proteins, including tau and TDP-43. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of concurrent tau pathology in FTLD with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP).

Methods: The study included 146 autopsy-confirmed cases of FTLD-TDP and 55 cases of FTLD-TDP with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND).

Evaluation of timed barium esophagram after per-oral endoscopic myotomy to predict clinical response.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether timed barium esophagram within 24 hours post-per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) (TBE-PP) could predict clinical outcomes.  This was a single-center retrospective study of prospectively collected data on consecutive patients with ≥ 6-month follow-up who underwent POEM followed by TBE-PP. Esophageal contrast retention 2 minutes after TBE-PP was assessed as Grade 1 (< 10 %), 2 (10 %-49 %), 3 (50 %-89 %) or 4 (> 90 %).

The temporal onset of the core features in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: We examined the temporal sequence of the core features in probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: In 488 patients with probable DLB, the onset of each core feature and time to diagnosis was determined for men and women, and a pathologic subgroup (n = 209).

Results: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) developed before the other core features in men and women.

Incidence, causes and factors associated with torso injury in Cameroon: A community-based study.

Background: Morbidity and mortality linked to injury has become an increasingly important public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. Despite the potentially severe nature of torso injury, little is known about the population-based epidemiology of torso injury in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, identify common mechanisms, and assess the socioeconomic consequences of torso injury in Cameroon.

Nanoparticles With Affinity for α-Synuclein Sequester α-Synuclein to Form Toxic Aggregates in Neurons With Endolysosomal Impairment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized pathologically by the aggregation of α-synuclein (αS) in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. A major challenge in PD therapy is poor efficiency of drug delivery to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Oral rotavirus vaccine shedding as a marker of mucosal immunity.

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) remain a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide, in part due to underperformance of currently approved live-attenuated, oral vaccines in low-and-middle income countries. Improved immune correlates of protection (CoP) for existing oral vaccines and novel strategies to evaluate the performance of next-generation vaccines are needed. Use of oral vaccines as challenge agents in controlled human infection models is a potential approach to CoP discovery that remains underexplored.

TSC1 loss increases risk for tauopathy by inducing tau acetylation and preventing tau clearance via chaperone-mediated autophagy.

Age-associated neurodegenerative disorders demonstrating tau-laden intracellular inclusions are known as tauopathies. We previously linked a loss-of-function mutation in the gene to tau accumulation and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Now, we have identified genetic variants in that decrease TSC1/hamartin levels and predispose to tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.

SARS CoV-2 seroprevalence in a US school district during COVID-19.

Reduced symptomatology and access to testing in children have led to underestimates of paediatric COVID-19 prevalence and raised concerns about school safety. To explore COVID-19 prevalence and risk factors in school settings, we conducted a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey in a Vermont, USA school district in December 2020. Among 336 students (63%) and 196 teachers/staff (37%), adjusted seroprevalence was 4.

Autopsy Validation of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Predominant Speech/Language Disorder Criteria.

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) may present as a speech/language disorder (PSP-SL).

Objective: We assessed pathological correlates of patients with PSP-SL who retained the suggestive of PSP-SL (s.o.

-Jacksonville (V236E) variant reduces self-aggregation and risk of dementia.

Apolipoprotein E () genetic variants have been shown to modify Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. We previously identified an variant (3-V236E), named -Jacksonville (-Jac), associated with healthy brain aging and reduced risk for AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Herein, we resolved the functional mechanism by which APOE3-Jac reduces APOE aggregation and enhances its lipidation in human brains, as well as in cellular and biochemical assays.

Genotypic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency protects against Plasmodium falciparum infection in individuals living in Ghana.

Introduction: The global effort to eradicate malaria requires a drastic measure to terminate relapse from hypnozoites as well as transmission via gametocytes in malaria-endemic areas. Primaquine has been recommended for the treatment of P. falciparum gametocytes and P.