Understanding patient barriers and facilitators to uptake of lung screening using low dose computed tomography: a mixed methods scoping review of the current literature.

Background: Targeted lung cancer screening is effective in reducing mortality by upwards of twenty percent. However, screening is not universally available and uptake is variable and socially patterned. Understanding screening behaviour is integral to designing a service that serves its population and promotes equitable uptake.

Optimizing the implementation of lung cancer screening in Scotland: Focus group participant perspectives in the LUNGSCOT study.

Introduction: Targeted lung cancer screening is effective in reducing lung cancer and all-cause mortality according to major trials in the United Kingdom and Europe. However, the best ways of implementing screening in local communities requires an understanding of the population the programme will serve. We undertook a study to explore the views of those potentially eligible for, and to identify potential barriers and facilitators to taking part in, lung screening, to inform the development of a feasibility study.

Patient-reported outcome (PRO) results from the AGITG DOCTOR trial: a randomised phase 2 trial of tailored neoadjuvant therapy for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: AGITG DOCTOR was a randomised phase 2 trial of pre-operative cisplatin, 5 fluorouracil (CF) followed by docetaxel (D) with or without radiotherapy (RT) based on poor early response to CF, detected via PET, for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This study describes PROs over 2 years.

Methods: Participants (N = 116) completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and oesophageal module (QLQ-OES18) before chemotherapy (baseline), before surgery, six and 12 weeks post-surgery and three-monthly until 2 years.

Resilience and ongoing quality care for cancer clinical trials during COVID-19: Experience from a tertiary hospital in Australia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced rapid system-wide changes to be implemented within cancer care at an alarming pace. Clinical trials are a key element of comprehensive cancer care. Ensuring the continuing safe conduct of cancer clinical trials in the context of a pandemic is challenging.

124I-PET/CT-Guided Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer to the Pancreas.

Metastasis to the pancreas from differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare. A new pancreatic lesion was identified on surveillance imaging of a man with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma 7 years after initial diagnosis. Imaging with 124I-PET/CT was performed to noninvasively confirm metastatic thyroid cancer and provide prospective dosimetry to guide selection of a safe and effective administered activity of 131I.

Short bowel syndrome and the impact on patients and their families: a qualitative study.

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that can result in intestinal failure (SBS-IF). Many patients with SBS-IF require home parenteral nutrition (PN) for survival. However, PN has profound effects on patients and their family members.

Psychometric validation of anti-clot treatment scale and treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication version II in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation.

The Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II (TSQM-II) are validated treatment satisfaction patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments. The ACTS includes two domains: Burdens and Benefits; the TSQM-II includes four: Effectiveness, Side Effects, Convenience, and Global Satisfaction. Japanese-language versions of the ACTS and TSQM-II have been developed and linguistically validated.

Patient-reported treatment satisfaction with rivaroxaban in Japanese non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients: an observational study.

Objectives: Rivaroxaban has previously been shown to be as efficacious and safe as warfarin for the prevention of stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Therefore, treatment satisfaction becomes an important consideration. Here we examine treatment satisfaction in Japanese NVAF patients who were switched from warfarin to rivaroxaban.

Quality of Care in Rheumatoid Disease from the Clinician Perspective: A Modified Delphi Panel Approach.

Introduction: To establish clinical consensus on important and relevant quality-of-care (QoC) attributes in rheumatic disease (RD) treatment that may improve treatment outcomes and guide best practices.

Methods: Twenty-three QoC attributes were identified in a literature review. Fifteen European-based clinicians were selected based on their contributions to RD guidelines, publications, and patient care.

Improving guideline sensitivity and specificity for the identification of proactive gastrostomy placement in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background: Swallowing and nutrition guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer are available for identification of proactive gastrostomy placement in patients with high nutritional risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate improvements to the validity of these guidelines.

Methods: A multivariate analysis was fitted to the original dataset (n = 501) to examine the variables that may predict gastrostomy placement (eg, tumor site, treatment, sex, and age).

Cutaneous carcinoma of the head and neck with clinical features of perineural infiltration treated with radiotherapy.

Aims: To review the outcome of patients with non-melanomatous carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck with perineural infiltration (PNI) with clinical features treated with radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Between 1991 and 2004, 56 patients with non-melanomatous skin carcinoma with PNI with clinical features were identified from the institution's oncology database. All patients had radiotherapy as either definitive or adjuvant treatment.

The impact of preradiation residual disease volume on time to locoregional failure in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma--a TROG substudy.

Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of margin status and gross residual disease in patients treated with chemoradiation therapy for high-risk stage I and II Merkel cell cancer (MCC).

Methods And Materials: Data were pooled from 3 prospective trials in which patients were treated with 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the primary lesion and draining lymph nodes and 2 schedules of carboplatin based chemotherapy. Time to locoregional failure was analyzed according to the burden of disease at the time of radiation therapy, comparing patients with negative margins, involved margins, or macroscopic disease.

Randomized trial of distance-based treatment for young children with discipline problems seen in primary health care.

Objective: Many parents of preschool-age children have concerns about how to discipline their child but few receive help. We examined the effects of a brief treatment along with usual care, compared with receiving usual care alone. Patients.

Primary chemoradiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT). To record the rate of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and need for alternative feeding of patients with oral cavity cancer treated with CRT or RT.

Materials And Methods: All patients with first presentation of oral cavity SCC treated with CRT or RT only at the Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital (RBWH) between 2000 and 2007 were included.

Practices to improve identification of adult antiretroviral therapy failure at the Lighthouse Trust clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Objectives: Evaluating treatment failure is critical when deciding to modify antiretroviral therapy (ART). Virologic Assessment Forms (VAFs) were implemented in July 2008 as a prerequisite for ordering viral load. The form requires assessment of clinical and immunologic status.

Dosimetric effect of external beam planning preceding combined high-dose-rate brachytherapy of the prostate.

Purpose: The sequencing of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and a high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRB) boost is often interchangeable in clinical practice. When given before EBRT, HDRB could induce volume alterations in the prostate, which may have significant implications for EBRT dosimetry. We aimed to assess the influence of HDRB on prostate volume and, hence, prostate dosing via subsequent EBRT.

Perineural infiltration of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma without clinical features.

Purpose: To review the factors that influence outcome and patterns of relapse in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with perineural infiltration (PNI) without clinical or radiologic features, treated with surgery and radiotherapy.

Methods And Materials: Between 1991 and 2004, 222 patients with SCC or BCC with PNI on pathologic examination but without clinical or radiologic PNI features were identified. Charts were reviewed retrospectively and relevant data collected.

Effect of radiotherapy dose and volume on relapse in Merkel cell cancer of the skin.

Purpose: To assess the effect of radiotherapy (RT) dose and volume on relapse patterns in patients with Stage I-III Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 112 patients diagnosed with MCC between January 2000 and December 2005 and treated with curative-intent RT.

Results: Of the 112 evaluable patients, 88% had RT to the site of primary disease for gross (11%) or subclinical (78%) disease.

Teaching children's mental health to family physicians in rural and under serviced areas.

Objective: To evaluate a curriculum for teaching family physicians (FPs) in rural and underserviced areas about children's mental health, and to evaluate a collaborative model of teaching using child psychiatrists and FPs.

Methods: A child psychiatrist and a rural FP provided training to rural FPs in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs). Training consisted of a half-day workshop in 11 communities located in southwestern Ontario.

Radiotherapy for perineural invasion in cutaneous head and neck carcinomas: toward a risk-adapted treatment approach.

Background: We retrospectively reviewed outcomes in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for cutaneous head and neck carcinoma with perineural invasion (PNI), with the aim of developing risk-adapted treatment guidelines.

Methods: A total of 118 patients were treated with RT between April 1992 and July 2000. Ninety-seven patients had PNI discovered through histology (pPNI) and 21 patients had symptoms/signs of PNI (cPNI).

Weekly carboplatin reduces toxicity during synchronous chemoradiotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma of skin.

Purpose: The toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) combined with weekly carboplatin and adjuvant carboplatin and etoposide was prospectively assessed in a group of patients with high-risk Stage I and II Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. This regimen was compared with the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96:07 study, which used identical eligibility criteria but carboplatin and etoposide every 3 weeks during RT.

Patients And Methods: Patients were eligible if they had disease localized to the primary site and lymph nodes, with high-risk features.