A technique to transfer metallic nanoscale patterns to small and non-planar surfaces.

Conventional lithographic methods (e.g., electron-beam lithography, photolithography) are capable of producing high-resolution structures over large areas but are generally limited to large (>1 cm(2)) planar substrates.

On-line processing of tense and temporality in agrammatic aphasia.

Agrammatic aphasic individuals exhibit marked production deficits for tense morphology. This paper presents three experiments examining whether a group of English-speaking agrammatic individuals (n=10) exhibit parallel deficits in their comprehension of tense. Results from two comprehension experiments (on-line grammaticality judgment studies) suggest that these individuals are impaired for tense comprehension, and furthermore that their deficit is more pronounced for morphosemantic rather than morphosyntactic aspects of tense processing.

Nanoskiving: a new method to produce arrays of nanostructures.

This Account reviews nanoskiving--a new technique that combines thin-film deposition of metal on a topographically contoured substrate with sectioning using an ultramicrotome--as a method of fabricating nanostructures that could replace conventional top-down techniques in selected applications. Photolithography and scanning beam lithography, conventional top-down techniques to generate nanoscale structures and nanostructured materials, are useful, versatile, and highly developed, but they also have limitations: high capital and operating costs, limited availability of the facilities required to use them, an inability to fabricate structures on nonplanar surfaces, and restrictions on certain classes of materials. Nanoscience and nanotechnology would benefit from new, low-cost techniques to fabricate electrically and optically functional structures with dimensions of tens of nanometers, even if (or perhaps especially if) these techniques have a different range of application than does photolithography or scanning beam lithography.

Information structure expectations in sentence comprehension.

In English, new information typically appears late in the sentence, as does primary accent. Because of this tendency, perceivers might expect the final constituent or constituents of a sentence to contain informational focus. This expectation should in turn affect how they comprehend focus-sensitive constructions such as ellipsis sentences.

Fabrication of conjugated polymer nanowires by edge lithography.

This paper describes the fabrication of conjugated polymer nanowires by a three stage process: (i) spin-coating a composite film comprising alternating layers of a conjugated polymer and a sacrificial material, (ii) embedding the film in an epoxy matrix and sectioning it with an ultramicrotome (nanoskiving), and (iii) etching the sacrificial material to reveal nanowires of the conjugated polymer. A free-standing, 100-layer film of two conjugated polymers was spin-coated from orthogonal solvents: poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) from chloroform and poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline ladder) (BBL) from methanesulfonic acid. After sectioning the multilayer film, dissolution of the BBL with methanesulfonic acid yielded uniaxially aligned MEH-PPV nanowires with rectangular cross sections, and etching MEH-PPV with an oxygen plasma yielded BBL nanowires.

Judgment of functional morphology in agrammatic aphasia.

Individuals with agrammatic Broca's aphasia show deficits in production of functional morphemes like complementizers (e.g., that and if) and tense and agreement markers (e.

A psychometric analysis of functional category production in English agrammatic narratives.

Hierarchical models of agrammatism propose that sentence production deficits can be accounted for in terms of clausal syntactic structure [Friedmann, N., & Grodzinsky, Y. (1997).

The relation between syntactic and morphological recovery in agrammatic aphasia: A case study.

BACKGROUND: Production of grammatical morphology is typically impaired in agrammatic aphasic individuals, as is their capacity to produce the syntactic structure responsible for licensing that morphology. Whether these two impairments are causally related has been an issue of long-standing debate. If morphological deficits are a side-effect of underlying syntactic ones, as has been claimed (Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997; Izvorski & Ullman, 1999), therapy which improves the syntactic deficit should remediate the morphological deficit as well.

Activation of human CD4+ T cells by targeting MHC class II epitopes to endosomal compartments using human CD1 tail sequences.

Distinct CD4(+) T-cell epitopes within the same protein can be optimally processed and loaded into major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in disparate endosomal compartments. The CD1 protein isoforms traffic to these same endosomal compartments as directed by unique cytoplasmic tail sequences, therefore we reasoned that antigen/CD1 chimeras containing the different CD1 cytoplasmic tail sequences could optimally target antigens to the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway. Evaluation of trafficking patterns revealed that all four human CD1-derived targeting sequences delivered antigen to the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway, to early/recycling, early/sorting and late endosomes/lysosomes.

Perceptions of parents seeking an experimental herpes simplex vaccine for their adolescent and preadolescent daughters.

Perceptions of parents willing to enroll their daughters in genital herpes vaccine trials were examined by questionnaire. Respondents were knowledgeable about genital herpes and endorsed personal and societal protection as important reasons to vaccinate. A belief among some that the vaccine might promote sexual activity did not prevent them from seeking protection for their daughters.

Real-time comprehension of wh- movement in aphasia: evidence from eyetracking while listening.

Sentences with non-canonical wh- movement are often difficult for individuals with agrammatic Broca's aphasia to understand (, inter alia). However, the explanation of this difficulty remains controversial, and little is known about how individuals with aphasia try to understand such sentences in real time. This study uses an eyetracking while listening paradigm to examine agrammatic aphasic individuals' on-line comprehension of movement sentences.

Novel 3-D structures in polymer films by coupling external and internal fields.

A route to produce novel three-dimensional structures in thin films is demonstrated. Such structures are most difficult to produce in a simple manner without the use of multiple fabrication steps. Here, we show the generation of 3-D cage-type structures using a combination of electrohydrodynamic instabilities and dewetting in a polymer/polymer/air trilayer.

Electric field and dewetting induced hierarchical structure formation in polymer/polymer/air trilayers.

Electrohydrodynamics were studied in a trilayer thin film system consisting of two different polymeric layers and air. A polymer with a higher dielectric constant, poly(methyl methacrylate), was sandwiched between air and a lower dielectric constant polymer, polystyrene. An electric field was applied normal to the interfaces.

The resolution and recovery of filler-gap dependencies in aphasia: evidence from on-line anomaly detection.

This study examines the on-line processing of sentences with movement using an auditory anomaly detection task (after Borland, Tanenhaus, Garnsey, & Carlson, 1995). Eight agrammatic aphasic participants (four of whom had undergone treatment focused on comprehension and production of filler-gap sentences) and 24 young normal participants listened to sentences and pressed a button when the sentences "stopped making sense." Critical sentences contained an anomaly in object relative clauses or conjoined clauses.

Structure of nucleotide-binding domain 1 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that functions as a chloride channel. Nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1), one of two ABC domains in CFTR, also contains sites for the predominant CF-causing mutation and, potentially, for regulatory phosphorylation. We have determined crystal structures for mouse NBD1 in unliganded, ADP- and ATP-bound states, with and without phosphorylation.

Evaluating process in child and family interventions: aggression prevention as an example.

This article reports on 2 studies designed to develop and validate a set of measures for use in evaluating processes of child and family interventions. In Study 1 responses from 187 families attending an outpatient clinic for child behavior problems were factor analyzed to identify scales, consistent across sources: Alliance (Satisfactory Relationship with Interventionist and Program Satisfaction), Parenting Skill Attainment, Child Cooperation During Session, Child Prosocial Behavior, and Child Aggressive Behavior. Study 2 focused on patterns of scale scores among 78 families taking part in a 22-week preventive intervention designed to affect family relationships, parenting, and child antisocial and prosocial behaviors.

Effect of previous or simultaneous immunization with canarypox expressing cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) on response to subunit gB vaccine plus MF59 in healthy CMV-seronegative adults.

Development of a vaccine for prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a priority. This study evaluated a "prime-boost" strategy by comparing the safety and immunogenicity of 3 doses of subunit CMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine plus MF59 (a squalene-in-water emulsion), 2 doses of a canarypox recombinant vaccine expressing CMVgB (ALVAC-CMVgB) followed by 2 doses of the subunit gB vaccine, 3 doses of both vaccines administered concomitantly, and placebo in 105 healthy, CMV-seronegative adults. Systemic adverse events were rare, but local reactions were common in all groups.

Complications following mucous cyst excision.

Eighty-six mucous cysts in 79 patients were surgically excised. Follow-up was carried out at an average of 2.6 years.

Current status of family-based outcome and process research.

Objective: To review family-based treatment research. A growing body of research and several meta-analytic reviews demonstrate that family-based treatments are effective for a variety of child and adolescent disorders. In addition, an emerging tradition of family-based process research has begun to identify important ingredients of effective family psychotherapy.

Incidence and significance of unequal gestational sac diameter or embryo crown-rump length in twin pregnancy.

The incidence of differences in gestational sac diameter and crown-rump length, measured at the time of the first ultrasound, in which at least one gestational sac or crown-rump length could be visualized, were analysed retrospectively in 260 twin pregnancies in which one or both fetuses were delivered at term. The difference in gestational sac diameter averaged 1.2 +/- 0.