Metabolic effects of beta-blockers in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Beta-blockers have potential protective features during critical illness. Heart rate reduction, with limited effect on blood pressure and beneficial effects on metabolism, organ function and inflammation have been reported. We examined metabolic effects of beta-blockers among ICU patients, to address the effect on the estimated energy expenditure, measured by carbon dioxide production (VCO).

Associations of hyperosmolar medications administered via nasogastric or nasoduodenal tubes and feeding adequacy, food intolerance and gastrointestinal complications amongst critically ill patients: A retrospective study.

Background: Adequate nutrition is essential during critical illness. However, providing adequate nutrition is often hindered by gastro-intestinal complications, including feeding intolerance. It is suggested that hyperosmolar medications could be causally involved in the development of gastro-intestinal complications.