Physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents in Xi'an City, China.

Physical activity levels were assessed among adolescents in Xi'an City, China, using a validated physical activity questionnaire. Physical activity recommendations were met by 56% of the adolescents and boys were more active than girls. The mean daily sedentary time was 6.

Determinants of antenatal care utilization in three rural areas of Vietnam.

Objective: To identify factors associated with any use of antenatal care (ANC), gestational age at entry to ANC, number of visits, and overall ANC utilization in the three provinces of Long an, Ben tre, and Quang ngai.

Data: The Vietnam-Australia Primary Health Care Project conducted cross-sectional surveys in 1998-1999. Data from 1,335 eligible women were available for analysis.

A tool for rapid socioeconomic assessment.

Objective: To validate a simple wealth index scale (WIS) based assessment of socioeconomic status and compare it with existing kuppuswamy(KUP) scale.

Methods: Families of 300 children aged 6 to 59 months of acute diarrhoea enrolled in a cross-sectional study were interviewed for socio economic status using both 8 item ownership scale (WIS) and Kuppuswamy (KUP) scale, validated against a reference standard Income Scale (IS).

Results: Out of 111 people classified as low based on Income scale (IS), 17% were identified by WIS, and 21% by KUP.

Anaemia in pregnant, postpartum and non pregnant women in Lak district, Daklak province of Vietnam.

Objectives: To determine anaemia prevalence and related factors in pregnant women (PW), post partum women (PPW) and non pregnant women (NPW) in a remote mountainous district.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2001. All PW, all PPW within 6 months of delivery and a random number of NPW equivalents to the number of PW in each commune were selected.

Reduction in surgical site infections in neurosurgical patients associated with a bedside hand hygiene program in Vietnam.

Objective: We conducted an intervention study to assess the impact of the use of an alcohol-chlorhexidine-based hand sanitizer on surgical site infection (SSI) rates among neurosurgical patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Design: A quasi-experimental study with an untreated control group and assessment of neurosurgical patients admitted to 2 neurosurgical wards at Cho Ray Hospital between July 11 and August 15, 2000 (before the intervention), and July 14 and August 18, 2001 (after the intervention). A hand sanitizer with 70% isopropyl alcohol and 0.

Factors associated with adolescents' overweight and obesity at community, school and household levels in Xi'an City, China: results of hierarchical analysis.

Objective: To identify personal and environmental factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesity in Xi'an city, China.

Subjects/methods: A total of 1804 adolescents from 30 junior high schools in six districts in Xi'an City. Community, school, household and individual characteristics were self reported by parents, school doctors and students.

Breast-feeding Performance Index: a composite index to describe overall breast-feeding performance among infants under 6 months of age.

Objectives: To develop a composite index to describe the overall breast-feeding performance of infants<6 months of age; and, using this index, to identify the factors associated with poor breast-feeding practices and the association between breast-feeding and infant morbidity.

Design, Setting And Subjects: The 2003 Demographic and Health Survey was a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 4320 households in Timor-Leste which covered 573 infants aged<6 months. Breast-feeding Performance Index (BPI) was constructed by allocating one point for each of seven infant feeding practices: first suckling within an hour of birth; absence of prelacteals; non-use of feeding bottles; current breast-feeding; not receiving liquids; not receiving formula or other milk; and not receiving solids in the last 24 hours.

Gender and socio-economic differences in BMI of secondary high school students in Ho Chi Minh city.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, and in particular determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents across different sub groups, based on gender, household economic status and geographic location.

Design: A cross-sectional survey based on a two-stage cluster sampling design.

Setting: Secondary high schools in Ho Chi Minh City.

New developments in the InterPro database.

InterPro is an integrated resource for protein families, domains and functional sites, which integrates the following protein signature databases: PROSITE, PRINTS, ProDom, Pfam, SMART, TIGRFAMs, PIRSF, SUPERFAMILY, Gene3D and PANTHER. The latter two new member databases have been integrated since the last publication in this journal. There have been several new developments in InterPro, including an additional reading field, new database links, extensions to the web interface and additional match XML files.

Obesity in adults: an emerging problem in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among Vietnamese adults living in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam.

Design: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the local health stations of 30 randomly selected wards, which represent all 13 urban districts of HCMC, over a period of 2 months from March to April 2004.

Subjects: A total of 1488 participants aged 20-60 years completed the interview, physical examination and venous blood collection.

Factors associated with adolescents' physical inactivity in Xi'an City, China.

Purpose: To explore the sociodemographic and environmental factors at community, school, and household levels associated with physical inactivity.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2004, physical activity level was assessed using a validated questionnaire in 1787 students. Physical inactivity was defined as less than 150 min.

The CATH domain structure database: new protocols and classification levels give a more comprehensive resource for exploring evolution.

We report the latest release (version 3.0) of the CATH protein domain database (http://www.cathdb.

Breastfeeding practices and associated factors among children under 24 months of age in Timor-Leste.

Objective: To describe breastfeeding practices and to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with selected breastfeeding indicators.

Design And Setting: The 2003 Demographic and Health Survey was a multi-stage cluster sample survey of 4320 households from four different geographic areas in Timor-Leste.

Subjects: A total of 2162 children aged 0-23 months.

[Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated risk factors in students aged 11-17 in Xi'an in 2004].

Objective: To assess the magnitude of overweight and obesity and its associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents attending junior high schools in Xi'an, Shanxi province.

Methods: A total of 1 804 adolescents attending junior high schools in Xi'an (age: 11-17 years) were enrolled randomly from 30 schools in 6 districts in Xi'an. Overweight and obesity was categorized with body mass index (BMI) cutoffs from Working Group of Obesity in China (WGOC).

Diet, activity, and other lifestyle risk factors for forearm fracture in postmenopausal women in China: a case-control study.

Objective: Forearm fractures are a major cause of disability in postmenopausal women, but the risk factors have not been previously studied in China and the results from Western studies may not be applicable to the Chinese population. The aim of this study was to determine whether calcium intake, activity level, lifestyle, and other factors are associated with risk of forearm fracture among Chinese postmenopausal women.

Design: In this case-control study, the authors used a structured questionnaire to assess potential risk factors in 209 postmenopausal women 50 to 70 years old with new forearm fractures identified in eight hospitals in Chengdu and in age and location of residence-matched control subjects randomly selected from the community.

Gene3D: modelling protein structure, function and evolution.

The Gene3D release 4 database and web portal (http://cathwww.biochem.ucl.

Comparative quality of private and public health services in rural Vietnam.

Background: Private health care services were officially recognized in Vietnam in 1989, and for the last 15 years have competed with the public health system in providing primary curative care and pharmaceutical sales to rural populations. However, the quality of these private and public health care services has not been evaluated and compared.

Methods: A community-based survey was conducted in 30 of the 160 communes in Hung Yen, which were selected by probability proportional to population size (PPS) sampling.

Incidence of surgical site infections and accompanying risk factors in Vietnamese orthopaedic patients.

A cohort study of surgical site infections (SSIs) was conducted in 582 orthopaedic surgical patients at Cho Ray Hospital, a reference hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in order to determine the incidence and analyse risk factors for SSIs in this population. The SSI incidence rate was 12.5% (73 of 582); 3.

Assessing strategies for improved superfamily recognition.

There are more than 200 completed genomes and over 1 million nonredundant sequences in public repositories. Although the structural data are more sparse (approximately 13,000 nonredundant structures solved to date), several powerful sequence-based methodologies now allow these structures to be mapped onto related regions in a significant proportion of genome sequences. We review a number of publicly available strategies for providing structural annotations for genome sequences, and we describe the protocol adopted to provide CATH structural annotations for completed genomes.

The CATH Domain Structure Database and related resources Gene3D and DHS provide comprehensive domain family information for genome analysis.

The CATH database of protein domain structures (http://www.biochem.ucl.

Antimicrobial use in children under five years with diarrhea in a central region province, Thailand.

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for treating childhood diarrhea within the public hospital system in a central region province, Thailand. Reported are findings of a prospective clinical audit of 424 cases treated by 38 physicians. Appropriate use of antimicrobials was defined as prescribing antimicrobials for managing an invasive bacterial-type, bloody diarrhea or not prescribing antimicrobials for managing a watery-type or non-bloody diarrhea.

Receiver operating characteristic analysis of body mass index to detect increased risk of functional morbidity in Vietnamese rural adults.

Objective: To assess the performance of low BMI, and define optimal BMI cut-off values in order to detect fever-associated adult morbidity.

Design: A cohort study of adults between 18 and 60 y in rural Vietnam, whose BMI and health status were assessed at baseline, and who were then monitored for illness events for 4 months. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of low BMI to detect the average number of restricted-days due to illness and to determine optimal cut-off values.

Complex interactions with infection and diet may explain seasonal growth responses to vitamin A in preschool aged Indonesian children.

Objective: To explore the potential contribution of respiratory infections and vitamin A intakes to the seasonal effect of vitamin A supplementation on child growth.

Methods: Data from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, in which a single high dose of vitamin A or placebo was given every 4 months to 1405 children aged 6-48 months were used for the analysis. In total, 4430 child-treatment cycles were examined, and for each cycle the children had their dietary intake, weight, and height assessed at the start and end.

Factors affecting utilization of health care services by mothers of children ill with diarrhea in rural Vietnam.

To examine the use of health services for the treatment of childhood diarrhea in three southern provinces of Vietnam, and identified household, maternal, child and health service characteristics associated with this use, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted between November 1998 and January 1999. Women with a pre-school aged child living at home were the primary respondents for the survey questionnaires. Respondents were asked to recall diarrheal disease events experienced by their child during the two weeks prior to interview, and their responses to these events.