Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 gene deletions and repeat motifs in Chhattisgarh, India (2017-2018).

Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vital for malaria diagnosis, especially in resource-limited areas. RDTs targeting histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and its structural homologue PfHRP3 are commonly used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum. However, genetic deletions in these proteins can affect test accuracy.

Precision in Midst of Crisis: Rigid Bronchoscopy in Management of Intrapulmonary Hemorrhage.

Rarely we encountered massive intra-pulmonary hemorrhage in clinical practice, which is always considered a life-threatening condition. In this case report we will discuss its management with removing blood clots using a rigid bronchoscope. Moreover, we also discuss about innovation, using a flexible fibre-optic bronchoscope through the rigid bronchoscope and removing a huge blood clot from terminal bronchioles.

Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumours of the larynx are extremely rare, though they make up only 1% of tumours in this region with the most common site being the supraglottis. On exhaustive research on PubMed, there are only a few prior cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of subglottis published in the literature.

Case Report: A 56-year-old male presented to our center with complaints of hoarseness and dyspnoea for 1 month which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive.

Ignition of non-equilibrium methane dielectric barrier discharges in a multiphase plasma-liquid microfluidic device.

Atmospheric pressure plasma conversion of methane is usually addressed in gas-only systems, such as dry reforming of methane. Introducing a liquid in such a system enables direct utilization of plasma-produced radicals, such as methyl (CH), as a reactant in the liquid. Methylation of organic liquids by this technique can lead to the sustainable production of high-value products.

Ionic Liquid-Induced Modulation of Ubiquitin Stability: The Dominant Role of Hydrophobic Interactions.

Despite the widespread use of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and green chemistry, their detailed interactions with proteins, particularly affecting structural stability, remain poorly understood. This study examines the effects of ILs on ubiquitin, a thermodynamically robust protein with a β-grasp structure. We found that IL-induced destabilization follows a consistent order with previous findings: [BMIM] > [BMPyr] > [EMIM] for cations and [BF] > [MeSO] > [Cl] for anions.

Enzyme-activating B-cell receptors boost antigen presentation to pathogenic T cells in gluten-sensitive autoimmunity.

Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 3 (TG3) are characteristic to the gluten-sensitive skin disorder dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), which is an extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease. We here demonstrate that TG3-specific B cells can activate gluten-specific CD4 T cells through B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated internalization of TG3-gluten enzyme-substrate complexes. Stereotypic anti-TG3 antibodies using IGHV2-5/IGKV4-1 gene segments enhance the catalytic activity of TG3, and this effect translates into increased gluten presentation to T cells when such antibodies are expressed as BCRs.

Graph-structured populations elucidate the role of deleterious mutations in long-term evolution.

Birth-death models are used to understand the interplay of genetic drift and natural selection. While well-mixed populations remain unaffected by the order of birth and death and where selection acts, evolutionary outcomes in spatially structured populations are affected by these choices. We show that the choice of individual moving to vacant sites-parent or offspring-controls the initial mutant placement on a graph and hence alters its fixation probability.

Forest fire susceptibility mapping using multi-criteria decision making and machine learning models in the Western Ghats of India.

Forest fires have significantly increased over the last decade due to shifts in rainfall patterns, warmer summers, and long spells of dry weather events in the coastal regions. Assessment of susceptibility to forest fires has become an important management tool for damage control before the occurrence of fires, which often spread very rapidly. In this context, the current study was undertaken with the aim to map forest areas susceptible to fire in the state of Goa (India) using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system () derived variables through an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and machine learning techniques namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB).

Dual-Action-Only PROTACs.

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC)-based degraders are highly potent pseudocatalytic drugs, but on-target off-site homing could yield undesirable consequences. We report here a generalizable AND-logic gated PROTAC, where the concurrent presence of two different disease-relevant endogenous stimuli liberates an active protein degrader. We design Dual-Action-Only PROTAC (DAO-PROTAC) molecules that are dormant and can only be activated in the presence of both hypoxia and cathepsin-L to degrade the protein of interest (POI).

Fe-2,5-furandicarboxylate Metal Organic Frameworks with Rare Building Blocks and a Ligand that can be Biomass-Derived as Effective Catalysts for Selective Nitroarene Reduction.

We report two three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks constructed from Fe3+ and the ligand, 2,5-furandicarboxylate (FDC) that can be derived from biomass. One contains an unprecedented infinite-rod-shaped building unit, and the other is the first crystalline framework of FDC that contains solely iron in the metal nodes. The materials are formed as microcrystals and their structures determined using 3D-electron diffraction with the bulk confirmed by powder XRD.

Photoconductivity Switching in Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Crystals via Molecular Tetris.

Two-dimensional organic materials are mainly constructed by using orthogonal anisotropic connectivity of covalent bonding and π-π stacking. The noncovalent connectivity between building blocks is presumed to be too delicate to stabilize the two-dimensional (2D) layers. Contrary to this assumption, we constructed graphite-like 2D layered material by utilizing pure noncovalent connectivity, i.

From PINs to Gestures: Analyzing Knowledge-Based Authentication Schemes for Augmented and Virtual Reality.

As Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) advances, secure and user-friendly authentication becomes vital. We evaluated 17 authentication schemes across gaze, gesture, PIN, spatial, and recognition-based categories using a systematic framework focused on effectiveness, security, and usability. Our analysis revealed varied performance and significant gaps requiring standardized methods.

Mycobacterial Small Heat Shock Proteins: Dissecting Their Roles in Pathogenesis and Development of Therapeutics.

Small heat shock proteins are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones. This class of proteins has a conserved α-crystallin domain. , the etiological agent that causes tuberculosis (TB), harbors two α-crystallin-related (Acr) small heat shock proteins, Acr1 (Hsp16.

Radiation-Induced Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma in Thyroid: A Rare Occurrence.

Unlabelled: We present a rare case of Radiation-induced sarcoma in the thyroid, in a 53-year-old female, seven years after receiving chemoradiation for SCC esophagus. The disease was non resectable due to carotid encasement and was therefore planned for chemotherapy with doxorubicin.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.

Effect of Preheating on the Color Stability of Two Different Commercially Available Nanohybrid Dental Composites: An Study.

Introduction: Color stability is one of the important criteria for the selection of composite during its service. Preheating of composite is performed to improve its handling characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of preheating in two nanohybrid composite resins.

In-silico repurposing of antiviral compounds against Marburg virus: a computational drug discovery approach.

Unlabelled: The Marburg virus (MARV), a member of the family Filoviridae, is a highly pathogenic virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with extremely high mortality in humans and non-human primates. The MARV exhibits clinical and epidemiological features almost identical to those of the Ebola virus, no licensed vaccines or antiviral treatments have been developed yet for MARV. However, only a few treatments that remain uncertain of the disease are available to help bring a case for a new therapeutic approach.

Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis shapes T cell biology and immune reconstitution after hematopoietic cell transplant.

Successful hematopoietic cell transplant requires immunosuppression to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a lethal, T-cell-mediated post-transplant complication. The phase 3 BMT CTN 1703 trial demonstrated superior GVHD-free/relapse-free survival for post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy)-based GVHD prophylaxis versus tacrolimus/methotrexate (Tac/MTX), but did not improve overall survival. To compare T-cell biology between GVHD prophylaxis regimens, 324 patients were co-enrolled onto BMT CTN 1801 ( NCT03959241 ).

Clonal stochasticity in early NK cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus is generated by mature subsets of varying proliferative ability.

Natural killer (NK) cells are classically defined as innate immune cells, but experiments show that mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in C57BL/6 mice can cause NK cells to undergo antigen-specific proliferation and memory formation, similar to adaptive CD8+ T cells. One shared behavior between CD8+ T cells and NK cells is clonal expansion, where a single stimulated cell proliferates rapidly to form a diverse population of cells. For example, clones derived from single cells are most abundant during expansion when they are primarily CD27-for NK cells and CD62L-for T cells, phenotypes derived from precursor CD27+ and CD62L+ cells, respectively.

Development of novel strategies against the threats of drug-resistant : an in silico and in vitro investigation.

Unlabelled: () biofilms pose alarming threats in healthcare due to their invulnerability to drug therapy. Stand-alone therapies of antimicrobial compounds/antibiotics are not particularly effective against those resistant strains. However, combination therapy of compounds could be used to deal with such threats.

The emerging role of extracellular vesicle RNAs as mediators of cardiometabolic diseases: from pathophysiology to clinical applications.

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are a leading contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of CMDs reveal crucial roles of intercellular crosstalk between metabolically active organs and cardiac cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid membrane-delimited particles containing diverse cargo (including small and long RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites), and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs) have emerged as key mediators of cell-to-cell communications.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors for Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Guidelines for South Asia.

This guideline addresses the use of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) in patients >18 years with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia in South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka). It also summarizes recommendations for anemia treatment for individual HIF-PHI molecules under two categories: dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients. The recommendations do not apply to pediatric (≤12 years) and adolescent (12 to 18) patients or those with primary anemia or anemia secondary to other causes such as blood loss, cancer (any type), polycystic kidney disease and infectious diseases.

Leveraging complementary multi-omics data integration methods for mechanistic insights in kidney diseases.

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are a global health concern, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their complex pathophysiology. This study explores the use of 2 complementary multidimensional -omics data integration methods to elucidate mechanisms of CKD progression as a proof of concept. Baseline biosamples from 37 participants with CKD in the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank Core (C-PROBE) cohort with prospective longitudinal outcome data ascertained over 5 years were used to generate molecular profiles.

Safety of early diverting loop ileostomy reversal after sigmoid colectomy with primary anastomosis for perforated diverticulitis.

Background: Evidence increasingly supports sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis (SPA) and diverting loop ileostomy over Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis in stable patients. Prompt diverting loop ileostomy reversal (DLIR) is often preferred by patients; however, optimal timing after index surgery remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine the association of DLIR timing with clinical outcomes and costs.

Novel cationic dihydropyrrol-2-one compounds as antimicrobial agents and quorum sensing inhibitors.

Antimicrobial resistance has grown to become a global crisis consistently participating in the death of millions worldwide and accumulating costs on healthcare. Quorum sensing inhibition is a new alternative antimicrobial strategy that has been gaining attention due to its ability to suppress the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). This approach shows great potential in overcoming bacterial resistance and could provide a much needed substitute to conventional antibiotics in the future.