Significant increase of CTX-M-15-ST131 and emergence of CTX-M-27-ST131 Escherichia coli high-risk clones causing healthcare-associated bacteraemia of urinary origin in Spain (ITUBRAS-2 project).

Objectives: To assess the microbiological characteristics of Escherichia coli causing healthcare-associated bacteraemia of urinary origin (HCA-BUO) in Spain (ITUBRAS-2 project), with particular focus on ESBL producers and isolates belonging to ST131 high-risk clone (HiRC). Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with ST131 infection were investigated.

Methods: A total of 222 E.

Activity of imipenem/relebactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain. SMART 2016-2020.

Objective: To determine susceptibility to the novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination imipenem/relebactam in clinical isolates recovered from intra-abdominal (IAI), urinary (UTI), respiratory (RTI) and bloodstream (BSI) infections in the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) study in SPAIN during 2016 - 2020.

Methods: Broth microdilution MICs for imipenem/relebactam and comparators were determined by a central laboratory against isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICs were interpreted using EUCAST-2021 breakpoints.

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Multidrug Resistant Infection in Immunocompromised Patients.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) infection often occurs in immunocompromised patients, which also face an increased risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. A deeper knowledge of the risk factors for MDR-PSA infection in this patient population may help to choose appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Methods: a single-center case-control (1:2) retrospective study that included 48 patients with underlying immunosuppression developing MDR-PSA infection (cases) and 96 patients also immunocompromised that were infected with non-MDR-PSA (controls) was conducted.

In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients in Spain and Portugal (SUPERIOR and STEP studies).

Objectives: To study the in vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam and comparators and the imipenem/relebactam resistance mechanisms in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa collection from Portugal (STEP, 2017-18) and Spain (SUPERIOR, 2016-17) surveillance studies.

Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 474) were prospectively recovered from complicated urinary tract (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal (cIAI) and lower respiratory tract (LRTI) infections in 11 Portuguese and 8 Spanish ICUs.

Imipenem-Relebactam Susceptibility in Isolates Recovered from ICU Patients from Spain and Portugal (SUPERIOR and STEP Studies).

Imipenem-relebactam is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination. We evaluated the activity of imipenem-relebactam and comparators against clinical isolates recovered in 8 Spanish and 11 Portuguese intensive care units (ICUs) (SUPERIOR, 2016-2017; STEP, 2017-2018). Overall, 747 isolates (378 Escherichia coli, 252 Klebsiella spp.

Derivation of a score to predict infection due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a tool for guiding empirical antibiotic treatment.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PSA) constitutes an emerging health problem. A predictive score of MDR-PSA infection would allow an early adaptation of empirical antibiotic therapy.

Methods: We performed a single-centre case-control (1:2) retrospective study including 100 patients with MDR-PSA and 200 with a non-MDR-PSA infection.

Clinical management of cUTI, cIAI, and HABP/VABP attributable to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections in Spain.

Objective: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) infections are a major public health problem in Spain, often implicated in complicated, healthcare-associated infections that require the use of potentially toxic antibacterial agents of last resort. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical management of complicated infections caused by CRGN bacteria in Spanish hospitals.

Methods: The study included: 1) a survey assessing the GN infection and antibacterial susceptibility profile in five participating Spanish hospitals and 2) a non-interventional, retrospective single cohort chart review of 100 patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI), or hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) attributable to CRGN pathogens.

WGS characterization of MDR Enterobacterales with different ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptibility profiles during the SUPERIOR surveillance study in Spain.

Objectives: To analyse by WGS the ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) resistance mechanisms in and spp. isolates recovered from complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in patients from Spanish ICUs (SUPERIOR surveillance study, 2016-17).

Methods: The clonal relatedness, the resistome and the virulome of 45 and 43 spp.

Presence of Chromosomal - Genes Is Not Always Associated with Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical Isolates Recovered in ICU Patients from Portugal and Spain.

CrpP enzymes have been recently described as a novel ciprofloxacin-resistance mechanism. We investigated by whole genome sequencing the presence of -genes and other mechanisms involved in quinolone resistance in MDR/XDR- isolates ( = 55) with both ceftolozane-tazobactam susceptible or resistant profiles recovered from intensive care unit patients during the STEP (Portugal) and SUPERIOR (Spain) surveillance studies. Ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with mutations in the and genes.

Antimicrobial activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered during the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) program in Spain (2016-2018).

Objective: To analyse the susceptibility to ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparators in Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from intraabdominal (IAI), urinary (UTI), respiratory (RTI) and bloodstream infection (BSI) in the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) study.

Methods: The susceptibility of 5,351 isolates collected in 11 Spanish hospitals (2016-2018) were analysed (EUCAST-2020 criteria) by broth microdilution and were phenotypically studied for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Ceftolozane-tazobactam and/or carbapenem resistant isolates were genetically characterized for ESBL and carbapenemases.

Distinct epidemiology and resistance mechanisms affecting ceftolozane/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients in Spain and Portugal depicted by WGS.

Objectives: To analyse the epidemiology, the resistome and the virulome of ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible or -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates recovered from surveillance studies in Portugal (STEP, 2017-18) and Spain (SUPERIOR, 2016-17).

Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from intra-abdominal, urinary tract and lower respiratory tract infections in ICU patients admitted to 11 Portuguese and 8 Spanish hospitals.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolates recovered from intensive care unit patients in Spain: The SUPERIOR multicentre study.

Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) present a high risk of developing an infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Consequently, new antimicrobials and combinations are required. In this study, the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) was evaluated against Enterobacterales (n = 400) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 80) clinical isolates collected from patients in Spanish ICUs with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) and complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI).

Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative organisms involved in intraabdominal and urinary tract infections recovered during the SMART study (Spain, 2016 and 2017).

Objective: Continuous antimicrobial resistance surveillance is recommended by Public Health authorities. We up-dated data from the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance study in Spain.

Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility data and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in isolates recovered from intra-abdominal (IAI) (n=1,429) and urinary tract (UTI) (n=937) infections during the 2016- 2017 SMART study in 10 Spanish hospitals were analysed.

Activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from urine specimens obtained during the infection-carbapenem resistance evaluation surveillance trial (iCREST) in Spain.

The increasing rates of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) represent an important threat to health care systems and treatment of CPE infections is a challenge. The aim of the infection-carbapenem resistance evaluation surveillance trial (iCREST) was to determinate the prevalence of CPE in urine specimens in Spain and to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam. Urine specimens (n = 11 826) were included and activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators were investigated by broth microdilution in CPE.

Etest® versus broth microdilution for ceftaroline MIC determination with Staphylococcus aureus: results from PREMIUM, a European multicentre study.

Objectives: To compare the concordance of ceftaroline MIC values by reference broth microdilution (BMD) and Etest (bioMérieux, France) for MSSA and MRSA isolates obtained from PREMIUM (D372SL00001), a European multicentre study.

Methods: Ceftaroline MICs were determined by reference BMD and by Etest for 1242 MSSA and MRSA isolates collected between February and May 2012 from adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or complicated skin and soft tissue infections; tests were performed across six European laboratories. Selected isolates with ceftaroline resistance in broth (MIC >1 mg/L) were retested in three central laboratories to confirm their behaviour.

Use of liposomal amphotericin B in critically ill patients: a retrospective, multicenter, clinical study.

The clinical use of liposomal amphotericin B in 179 patients admitted to 30 medical-surgical intensive Care Units (ICUs) treated with this agent in 2006 was analyzed. Invasive fungal infections were proven, probable and possible in 44%, 16%, and 25% of cases, respectively. Fungi isolated were Candida albicans (38%), non-albicans Candida spp.

Inhibitory effect of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.

Objectives: To determine the in vitro inhibitory effect of several Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.

Methods: The in vitro effect of 32 microorganisms against H. pylori clinical isolates was determined by a diffusion method.

Cardiac contusion following blunt chest trauma.

Cardiac contusion following blunt chest trauma is not rare, and the works in the literature report incidence rates between 5 and 50%. Traffic accidents are the most frequent cause of cardiac contusion followed by violent fall impacts, aggressions and the practice of risky sports. The spectrum of post-traumatic cardiac lesions varies greatly, ranging from no symptoms to decrease in cardiac function.

[Susceptibility of 36 Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates to four first-line antibiotics and virulence factors].

Helicobacter pylori possess various virulence factors, including cagA and vacA genes, that are associated with more aggressive symptoms such as bleed-ing ulcer and gastric cancer. Although there are different treatment regimens, there is still a failure rate of up to 20% due to antibiotic resistance, among other causes. In our country resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin is increasing, especially in children, although they are still susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline.

[In vitro activity of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates and study of mutation rate].

Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and metronidazole are the most frequently used antimicrobials for Helicobacter pylori infection treatment. While tetracycline and amoxicillin resistance are rare, clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance vary in different populations and are considered factors for treatment failure. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of furazolidone and nitrofurantoin in 164 H.

Clinical use and tolerability of voriconazole in the treatment of fungal infections in critically ill patients.

The clinical use and tolerability of voriconazole in daily practice for the treatment of fungal infection in critically ill patients was assessed in an open-label, non-comparative, observational study. All patients admitted to medical-surgical Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of 21 hospitals in Spain between February 2003 and January 2004, who were treated with voriconazole because of known or suspected fungal infection, were included. A total of 130 patients received voriconazole (6.

Evaluation of minipigs as an animal model for alveolar distraction.

Objective: Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is a relatively novel tissue regeneration technique that remains, in some respects, at an experimental stage. The selection of an experimental animal biomodel is not clearly defined, with reports in the reviewed literature on dogs, sheep, and monkeys. The present objective was to compare 2 experimental biomodels (dog and minipig) using an alveolar distraction protocol with a novel prototype distractor.