Evaluation methods for decellularized tissues: A focus on human amniotic membrane.

Tissue engineering, a multidisciplinary research field aiming to revolutionize regenerative medicine, relies on scaffolds for optimal cell cultures and organ development. Decellularized tissue extracellular matrices (dECM) scaffolds, particularly from human amniotic membrane (hAM), show promise in clinical applications. This review discusses the significance of scaffolds, emphasizing dECM-based hAM scaffolds, delving into ECM complexities, decellularization processes, and evaluation methods.

Experimental Lung Transplantation Related With HIF-1, VEGF, ROS. Assessment of HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and Reactive Oxygen Species After Competitive Blockade of Chetomin for Lung Transplantation in Rats.

Unlabelled: Primary graft failure occurs 15 to 30 % of the time after transplantation. Although there have been improvements in preserving the lungs in good condition, there have not been studies on the regulation of transcription factors.

Methods: We carried out an experimental study involving lung transplantation to indirectly evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and VEGF expression by competitive blockade of HIF-1alpha with chetomin.

Parkinson's disease: an update on preclinical studies of induced pluripotent stem cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations.

Changes in the levels of free sialic acid during ex vivo lung perfusion do not correlate with pulmonary function. Experimental model.

Background: Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) constitutes a tool with great research potential due to its advantages over in vivo and in vitro models. Despite its important contribution to lung reconditioning, this technique has the disadvantage of incurring high costs and can induce pulmonary endothelial injury through perfusion and ventilation. The pulmonary endothelium is made up of endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a coating of proteoglycans (PG) on the luminal surface.

Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Human Embryogenesis.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs; embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) can recapitulate critical aspects of the early stages of embryonic development; therefore, they became a powerful tool for the in vitro study of molecular mechanisms that underlie blastocyst formation, implantation, the spectrum of pluripotency and the beginning of gastrulation, among other processes. Traditionally, PSCs were studied in 2D cultures or monolayers, without considering the spatial organization of a developing embryo. However, recent research demonstrated that PSCs can form 3D structures that simulate the blastocyst and gastrula stages and other events, such as amniotic cavity formation or somitogenesis.

Recent advances in the use of CRISPR/Cas for understanding the early development of molecular gaps in glial cells.

Glial cells are non-neuronal elements of the nervous system (NS) and play a central role in its development, maturation, and homeostasis. Glial cell interest has increased, leading to the discovery of novel study fields. The CRISPR/Cas system has been widely employed for NS understanding.

Biomolecules resveratrol + coenzyme Q10 recover the cell state of human mesenchymal stem cells after 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced damage and improve proliferation and neural differentiation.

Neurodegenerative disorders are a critical affection with a high incidence around the world. Currently, there are no effective treatments to solve this problem. However, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be a promising tool due to their multiple therapeutic effects.

The human amniotic epithelium confers a bias to differentiate toward the neuroectoderm lineage in human embryonic stem cells.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derive from the epiblast and have pluripotent potential. To maintain the conventional conditions of the pluripotent potential in an undifferentiated state, inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblast (iMEF) is used as a feeder layer. However, it has been suggested that hESC under this conventional condition (hESC-iMEF) is an artifact that does not correspond to the in vitro counterpart of the human epiblast.

Endothelin-Converting Enzyme 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Potential Biomarkers during Lung Perfusion with Prolonged Hypothermic Lung-Sparing.

Lung transplantation requires optimization of donor's organ use through ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) to avoid primary graft dysfunction. Biomarkers can aid in organ selection by providing early evidence of suboptimal lungs during EVLP and thus avoid high-risk transplantations. However, predictive biomarkers of pulmonary graft function such as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have not been described under EVLP with standard prolonged hypothermic preservation, which are relevant in situations where lung procurement is difficult or far from the transplantation site.

Unraveling the Spatiotemporal Human Pluripotency in Embryonic Development.

There have been significant advances in understanding human embryogenesis using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in conventional monolayer and 3D self-organized cultures. Thus, models have contributed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for specification and differentiation during development. However, the molecular and functional spectrum of human pluripotency (i.

Prolactin from Pluripotency to Central Nervous System Development.

Prolactin (PRL) is a versatile hormone that exerts more than 300 functions in vertebrates, mainly associated with physiological effects in adult animals. Although the process that regulates early development is poorly understood, evidence suggests a role of PRL in the early embryonic development regarding pluripotency and nervous system development. Thus, PRL could be a crucial regulator in oocyte preimplantation and maturation as well as during diapause, a reversible state of blastocyst development arrest that shares metabolic, transcriptomic, and proteomic similarities with pluripotent stem cells in the naïve state.

Parkinson's disease: An update on preclinical studies of induced pluripotent stem cells.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations.

Loss of Znt8 function in diabetes mellitus: risk or benefit?

The zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) plays an essential role in zinc homeostasis inside pancreatic β cells, its function is related to the stabilization of insulin hexameric form. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have established a positive and negative relationship of ZnT8 variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), exposing a dual and controversial role. The first hypotheses about its role in T2DM indicated a higher risk of developing T2DM for loss of function; nevertheless, recent GWAS of ZnT8 loss-of-function mutations in humans have shown protection against T2DM.

iPSC for modeling neurodegenerative disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are fundamental health concerns all around the world. The development of novel treatments and new techniques to address these disorders, are being actively studied by researchers and medical personnel. In the present review we will discuss the application of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for cell-therapy replacement and disease modelling.

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Present Alternative for High-Incidence Diseases, Even SARS-Cov-2.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), defined as plastic adherent cells with multipotent differentiation capacity in vitro, are an emerging and valuable tool to treat a plethora of diseases due to their therapeutic mechanisms such as their paracrine activity, mitochondrial and organelle transfer, and transfer of therapeutic molecules via exosomes. Nowadays, there are more than a thousand registered clinical trials related to MSC application around the world, highlighting MSC role on difficult-to-treat high-incidence diseases such as the current COVID-19, HIV infections, and autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Here, we summarize a general overview of MSCs and their therapeutic mechanisms; also, we discuss some of the novel clinical trial protocols and their results as well as a comparison between the number of registries, countries, and search portals.

Improvement of the wound healing properties of hydrogels with -acetylcysteine through their modification with methacrylate-containing polymers.

Hydrogels with antioxidant activity have shown to significantly improve the standard of care, because they promote efficient wound healing, i.e. regeneration.

Unprecedented Potential for Neural Drug Discovery Based on Self-Organizing hiPSC Platforms.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have transformed conventional drug discovery pathways in recent years. In particular, recent advances in hiPSC biology, including organoid technologies, have highlighted a new potential for neural drug discovery with clear advantages over the use of primary tissues. This is important considering the financial and social burden of neurological health care worldwide, directly impacting the life expectancy of many populations.

In Vitro Culture of Epithelial Cells from Different Anatomical Regions of the Human Amniotic Membrane.

Several protocols have been reported in the literature for the isolation and culture of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC). However, these assume that the amniotic epithelium is a homogeneous layer. The human amnion can be divided into three anatomical regions: reflected, placental, and umbilical.

Gastroprotective activity and pharmacological safety evaluation of .

has been widely used in traditional Mexican and folk medicine for the treatment of wounds, skin lesions, hemorrhages and gastric ulcers in humans. Phytochemical studies have indicated that hexane extracts of have anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities. In the present study, an accurate and reliable approach using a murine model was pursued to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity, lipid peroxidation properties and acute toxicity of powdered dried stem of .

Editing the Central Nervous System Through CRISPR/Cas9 Systems.

The translational gap to treatments based on gene therapy has been reduced in recent years because of improvements in gene editing tools, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its variations. This has allowed the development of more precise therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, where access is privileged. As a result, engineering of complexes that can access the central nervous system (CNS) with the least potential inconvenience is fundamental.

Establishment of human embryonic stem cell line Amicqui-2 using poor-quality embryos from Mexican population.

Although investigation with human embryonic stem cells (HESC) is not decreasing, the derivation of new lines has been diminished. The preeminence of only a few HESC lines in research is accompanied by lack of universal applicability of results as well as by genetic under-representation. We previously reported the derivation of one line with male karyotype from Mexican population.

Pluripotency markers in tissue and cultivated cells in vitro of different regions of human amniotic epithelium.

Studies have described the presence of pluripotent markers in vivo and in vitro in human amnion. However, the amnion can be divided into reflected, placental and umbilical regions that are anatomically and functionally heterogeneous. Here, we evaluated the expression of pluripotency markers in tissue and cultivated cells in vitro of different regions of human amnion.

Implications of human induced pluripotent stem cells in metabolic disorders: from drug discovery toward precision medicine.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) enable in vitro high-throughput pharmacological screening assays of diseased tissue. Together with recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hiPSCs enable the identification of key mutations for the development of effective treatments based on precise drugs. In concert with CRISPR/Cas9 systems, hiPSC technology can reveal therapeutic targets in metabolic disorders.

Effects of Agave fructans (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul) on Body Fat and Serum Lipids in Obesity.

Obesity affects millions of people worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with premature mortality. Agave fructans decrease fat mass, body and liver weight, and generate satiety in rodents. In the present study the effects of agave fructans on weight control, lipid profile, and physical tolerability were evaluated in obese people.