Solar-powered pumping at a remote denitrifying bioreactor.

Pumping surface water from a ditch into a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor could improve nitrate-nitrogen (N) removal by minimizing flow variabilities such as early flow cessation at a given subsurface drainage outlet and flashy drainage hydrographs. Few field-scale subsurface drainage bioreactors with pumping configurations have been assessed. Such evaluations would help better bound reasonable expectations of the benefits and drawbacks at these more advanced bioreactors.

Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers.

Background: Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation and increased morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate proteomic changes in inflammatory pathways following repeated, low-dose FMT versus placebo.

Microglial morphological/inflammatory phenotypes and endocannabinoid signaling in a preclinical model of periodontitis and depression.

Background: Depression is a chronic psychiatric disease of multifactorial etiology, and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Stress and other chronic inflammatory pathologies are shared risk factors for psychiatric diseases, and comorbidities are features of major depression. Epidemiological evidence suggests that periodontitis, as a source of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, may be associated with depression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.

Simultaneous quantitative respirometry and fluorometric assays in dissected hippocampal tissue from mice.

Respirometry is a technique for studying mitochondrial function that has proven compatibility with ≥0.5 mg of brain tissue. Here, we present a protocol for assessing oxygen consumption and HO production rates in hippocampal tissue using the Oroboros O2k system.

MLKL overexpression leads to Ca and metabolic dyshomeostasis in a neuronal cell model.

The necroptotic effector molecule MLKL accumulates in neurons over the lifespan of mice, and its downregulation has the potential to improve cognition through neuroinflammation, and changes in the abundance of synaptic proteins and enzymes in the central nervous system. Notwithstanding, direct evidence of cell-autonomous effects of MLKL expression on neuronal physiology and metabolism are lacking. Here, we tested whether the overexpression of MLKL in the absence of cell death in the neuronal cell line Neuro-2a recapitulates some of the hallmarks of aging at the cellular level.

Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research.

Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation.

INvestigational Study Into Transplantation of the Uterus (INSITU): a cross-sectional survey among women with uterine factor infertility in the UK assessing background, motivations and suitability.

Importance: The study summarises the selection prescreen criteria currently used in the UK for a uterus transplant and highlights the number of women who are suitable to proceed.

Objectives: To assess the demographics, motivations, reasons and suitability among women with absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) to undergo uterine transplantation (UTx).

Design: A cross-sectional survey.

Nebulized Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA) for Acute COVID-19-Induced Respiratory Failure: An Exploratory Proof-of-Concept Trial.

Acute lung injury in COVID-19 results in diffuse alveolar damage with disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, coagulation activation, alveolar fibrin deposition and pulmonary capillary thrombi. Nebulized recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has the potential to facilitate localized thrombolysis in the alveolar compartment and improve oxygenation. In this proof-of-concept safety study, adults with COVID-19-induced respiratory failure and a <300 mmHg PaO/FiO (P/F) ratio requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) received nebulized rt-PA in two cohorts (C1 and C2), alongside standard of care, between 23 April-30 July 2020 and 21 January-19 February 2021, respectively.

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency in dentate granule cells remodels neuronal metabolism and impairs reversal learning.

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the main route of calcium (Ca) entry into neuronal mitochondria. This channel has been linked to mitochondrial Ca overload and cell death under neurotoxic conditions, but its physiologic roles for normal brain function remain poorly understood. Despite high expression of MCU in excitatory hippocampal neurons, it is unknown whether this channel is required for learning and memory.

Ovarian rescue in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: facts and fiction.

The ovary has a comparatively short functional lifespan compared with other organs, and genetic and pathological injuries can further shorten its functional life. Thus, preserving ovarian function should be considered in the context of women with threats to ovarian reserve, such as ageing, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Indeed, one-third of women with POI retain resting follicles that can be reactivated to produce competent oocytes, as proved by the in-vitro activation of dormant follicles.

Woodchip bioreactors for saline leachates denitrification can mitigate agricultural impacts in mediterranean areas: The Campo de Cartagena-Mar Menor environmental issue.

Leachates from intensive agriculture containing high nitrate have been identified as a major cause of the severe eutrophication crisis that impacts Mar Menor (SE Spain), the largest hypersaline coastal lagoon in the Mediterranean basin. A best management practice for removing NO-N is denitrifying bioreactors. This is the first study to assess the efficiency of citrus woodchips bioreactors in treating agricultural leachates that flow to the Mar Menor via surface discharges.

Metabolic regulation of species-specific developmental rates.

Animals display substantial inter-species variation in the rate of embryonic development despite a broad conservation of the overall sequence of developmental events. Differences in biochemical reaction rates, including the rates of protein production and degradation, are thought to be responsible for species-specific rates of development. However, the cause of differential biochemical reaction rates between species remains unknown.

The Na/K pump dominates control of glycolysis in hippocampal dentate granule cells.

Cellular ATP that is consumed to perform energetically expensive tasks must be replenished by new ATP through the activation of metabolism. Neuronal stimulation, an energetically demanding process, transiently activates aerobic glycolysis, but the precise mechanism underlying this glycolysis activation has not been determined. We previously showed that neuronal glycolysis is correlated with Ca influx, but is not activated by feedforward Ca signaling (Díaz-García et al.

Quality of life in children with diseases causing central airway obstruction: Reliability and validity of the TAPQOL questionnaire.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric performance (reliability and validity) of the TAPQOL questionnaire in measuring the global quality of life in children with central airway obstruction (CAO), which encompasses pathologies with a low prevalence that have a common anatomical or functional affectation.

Method: The study population consisted of 109 patients with CAO attended in a national reference airway unitafter signing informed consent. The TAPQOL questionnaire was used to measure the global quality of life and its psychometric characteristics were analysed.

Age-related fertility decline: is there a role for elective ovarian tissue cryopreservation?

Age-related fertility decline (ARFD) is a prevalent concern amongst western cultures due to the increasing age of first-time motherhood. Elective oocyte and embryo cryopreservation remain the most established methods of fertility preservation, providing women the opportunity of reproductive autonomy to preserve their fertility and extend their childbearing years to prevent involuntary childlessness. Whilst ovarian cortex cryopreservation has been used to preserve reproductive potential in women for medical reasons, such as in pre- or peripubertal girls undergoing gonadotoxic chemotherapy, it has not yet been considered in the context of ARFD.

A high-throughput multiparameter screen for accelerated development and optimization of soluble genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools used to track chemical processes in intact biological systems. However, the development and optimization of biosensors remains a challenging and labor-intensive process, primarily due to technical limitations of methods for screening candidate biosensors. Here we describe a screening modality that combines droplet microfluidics and automated fluorescence imaging to provide an order of magnitude increase in screening throughput.

Follicular activation in women previously diagnosed with poor ovarian response: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether ovarian fragmentation for follicular activation (OFFA) improves ovarian reserve markers and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women with poor ovarian response (POR).

Design: Randomized, controlled trial, with parallel assignment.

Setting: University hospital.

Topical heparin as an effective and safe treatment for patients with capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: results of a phase IIA trial supported by proteomic profiling of skin biopsies.

Background: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse reaction associated with capecitabine chemotherapy that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of a topical heparin (TH) treatment on the clinical manifestations and anatomopathological alterations of capecitabine-induced HFS. In addition, we performed proteome profiling of skin biopsies obtained from patients with HFS at baseline and after heparin treatment.

Delivery of AAV for Expression of Fluorescent Biosensors in Juvenile Mouse Hippocampus.

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are versatile tools for studying brain metabolism and function in live tissue. The genetic information for these biosensors can be delivered into the brain by stereotaxic injection of engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), which can selectively target different cell types depending on the capsid serotype and/or the viral promoter. Here, we describe a protocol for intracranial injections of two viral vectors encoding the metabolic biosensor Peredox and the calcium biosensor RCaMP1h.