Deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from meta-analysis.

The aim of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in patients with severe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) who are resistant to pharmacological treatments, focusing on obsessive compulsive, depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as global function. A systematic review and meta-analysis including 25 studies (without language restrictions) from between 2003 and 2020 was performed. A total of 303 patients were evaluated twice (before and after DBS).

A Narrative Review about Autism Spectrum Disorders and Exclusion of Gluten and Casein from the Diet.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) appear in the early stages of neurodevelopment, and they remain constant throughout life. Currently, due to limitations in ASDs treatment, alternative approaches, such as nutritional interventions, have frequently been implemented. The aim of this narrative review is to gather the most relevant and updated studies about dietary interventions related to ASDs etiopathogenesis.

Behavioural Difficulties in Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders under Extreme Situations.

In 2020, the Governments of many countries maintained different levels of confinement of the population due to the pandemic that produced the COVID-19. There are few studies published on the psychological impact in the child and adolescent population diagnosed with mental disorders, especially during the home confinement stage. Explanatory models based on socio-demographic and clinical variables provide an approximation to level changes in different dimensions of behavioural difficulties.

Influence of a Combined Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 12-Month Follow-Up Clinical Trial.

The use of alternative interventions, such as gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diets, is frequent due to limited therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Our aims were to determine the influence of a GFCF diet on behavior disorders in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD and the potential association with urinary beta-casomorphin concentrations. Thirty-seven patients were recruited for this crossover trial.

Sex-specific cognitive abnormalities in early-onset psychosis.

Objectives:: Brain maturation differs depending on the area of the brain and sex. Girls show an earlier peak in maturation of the prefrontal cortex. Although differences between adult females and males with schizophrenia have been widely studied, there has been less research in girls and boys with psychosis.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment: results from a meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in depression.

Data Sources: We searched the literature without language restrictions through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Fisterra, and Galenicom from database inception until December 31, 2013, supplemented by a hand search of relevant articles. Search terms included (1) oxidative stress, antioxidant*, nitrosative stress, nitrative stress, nitro-oxidative stress, free radical*, and names of individual oxidative stress markers/antioxidants and (2) depression and related disorders and antidepressant.

Weight gain and increase of body mass index among children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics: a critical review.

We performed an updated review of the available literature on weight gain and increase of body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents treated with antipsychotic medications. A PubMed search was conducted specifying the following MeSH terms: (antipsychotic agents) hedged with (weight gain) or (body mass index). We selected 127 reports, including 71 intervention trials, 42 observational studies and 14 literature reviews.

Response to methylphenidate by adult and pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the Spanish multicenter DIHANA study.

Background: The purpose of this multicenter Spanish study was to evaluate the response to immediate-release methylphenidate by children and adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as to obtain information on current therapy patterns and safety characteristics.

Methods: This multicenter, observational, retrospective, noninterventional study included 730 patients aged 4-65 years with a diagnosis of ADHD. Information was obtained based on a review of medical records for the years 2002-2006 in sequential order.

Winter birth excess in schizophrenia and in non-schizophrenic psychosis: sex and birth-cohort differences.

Objective: Despite the fact that association between winter birth excess and schizophrenia in the northern Hemisphere is well established, possible sex or birth-cohort differences in this winter birth excess remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate sex and birth-cohort differences in the seasonal birth distribution of patients with schizophrenia or non-schizophrenic psychosis.

Method: The sample included 321 ICD-10 schizophrenia and 294 non-schizophrenic psychosis patients consecutively admitted into a psychiatric hospitalization unit in Granada, southern Spain, during a nine-year period (1998-2006).

Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata.

Objective: Alopecia areata (AA) has been considered a psychosomatic disease. This case-control study tries to determine whether environmental adverse conditions are associated with AA and to describe the subjective and physiological state of the patients.

Methods: A series of 31 children or adolescents with AA (16 boys and 15 girls; aged 12.

[Psychiatric morbidity associated to enuresis in children].

Aims: The objective of the study was to know the clinical and epidemiological features, including associated psychiatric morbidity, of the children seeking help for enuresis in a public child and adolescent mental health unit.

Subjects And Method: Within an exploratory, retrospective, and observational study, we reviewed the clinical charts of all the children (N= 2,315) attending the unit during a five-year period (January 1992-December 1997), collecting information on gender, age, type of enuresis, associated psychiatric morbidity, and social and family characteristics. Both the enuresis and the associated psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria.