Multiclass arrhythmia classification using multimodal smartwatch photoplethysmography signals collected in real-life settings.

In the early stages of atrial fibrillation (AF), most cases are paroxysmal (pAF), making identification only possible with continuous and prolonged monitoring. With the advent of wearables, smartwatches equipped with photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors are an ideal approach for continuous monitoring of pAF. There have been numerous studies demonstrating successful capture of pAF events, especially using deep learning.

Increased mortality from alcohol use disorder, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States: 2000 to 2021.

Background: To investigate the trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), liver cancer from alcohol, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) burden among older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: We gathered the ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD prevalence, mortality, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the annual percent change (APC) with confidence intervals (CIs) for the burden of ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in older adults (>70 years) in the United States.

Incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes and sociodemographic predictors of complications: A nationwide registry study.

Aims: Early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (18-45 years) is rising globally, yet complication incidence in this group remains unclear. We investigated the incidence of early-onset T2DM, the incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications, and how comorbidities (e.g.

Identification of the atypical antipsychotic Asenapine as a direct survivin inhibitor with anticancer properties and sensitizing effects to conventional therapies.

Therapy resistance in human cancers is a major limitation in Clinical Oncology. In this regard, overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as survivin, has been described in several tumors, contributing to this clinical issue. Survivin has a dual role in key cellular functions, inducing cell cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis; thus, survivin is an attractive target for cancer therapy.

Multispecies emergence of dual carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales recovered from invasive infections in Chile.

Carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) represent a significant global threat. The emergence of dual CP-CRE is particularly alarming, as they can potentially compromise the efficacy of newer antibiotics, further decreasing therapeutic alternatives. Herein, we report the emergence of multiple species of CP-CRE recovered from invasive infections in Chile that simultaneously harbor and and provide an in-depth genomic characterization of these worrisome pathogens.

Pembrolizumab Versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase 3 KEYNOTE-177 study.

Background: Results from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-177 study established pembrolizumab as a new first-line standard of care for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Previous results from KEYNOTE-177 showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy ± bevacizumab/cetuximab in MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Results after >5 years of follow-up are reported.

Metabolic Dysfunction and Alcohol-related Liver Disease (MetALD): Position statement by an expert panel on alcohol-related liver disease.

This position statement explores the intricate relationship between alcohol intake and metabolic dysfunction in the context of the 2023 nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD). Recent and lifetime alcohol use should be accurately assessed in all patients with SLD to facilitate classification of alcohol use in grams of alcohol per week. Alcohol biomarkers (i.

Microbiome-Centered Therapies for the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant global health issue, affecting over 30% of the population worldwide due to the rising prevalence of metabolic risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This spectrum of liver disease ranges from isolated steatosis to more severe forms such as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Recent studies highlight the role of gut microbiota in MASLD pathogenesis, showing that dysbiosis significantly impacts metabolic health and the progression of liver disease.

Chemical Composition and Bioactivity Dataset Integration to Identify Antiproliferative Compounds in Plants.

Background/objectives: species are renowned in traditional medicine for their diverse therapeutic properties, including potential anticancer activities. This study explored the antiproliferative potential of six species by integrating chemical composition with bioactivity assays to identify key antiproliferative compounds.

Methods: The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based chemical composition data with antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines-PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), SiHa (cervical carcinoma), and A549 (lung carcinoma)-as well as a normal mouse fibroblast line (L929) was performed by covariate analysis.

Alcohol-related liver and extrahepatic malignancies: burden of disease and socioeconomic disparities in 2019.

Background: Alcohol is linked to various cancers. While many studies have focused on developed countries, the burden of alcohol-related cancers in developing countries remains underexplored.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2000-2019) to assess mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from alcohol-related cancers in low and low-to-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

Analysis of shared variants between cancer biospecimens.

Purpose: Mutational data from multiple solid and liquid biospecimens of a single patient is often integrated to track cancer evolution. However, there is no accepted framework to resolve if individual samples from the same individual share variants due to common identity versus coincidence.

Experimental Design: Utilizing 8,000 patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) across 33 cancer types, we estimated background rates of co-occurrence rates of mutations between discrete pairs of samples across cancers and by cancer type.

The effectiveness of diabetes training of psychiatric health professionals on individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders - a pragmatic controlled trial in Denmark.

Background: Individuals with diabetes and co-existing psychiatric disorders have more diabetes complications and lower life expectancy than those with diabetes but no co-existing psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric health professionals may have a role in improving these outcomes but often lack diabetes knowledge and skills. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a diabetes training course for psychiatric health professionals on their diabetes knowledge and skills and clinical outcomes, diabetes support and diabetes distress among individuals with diabetes and psychiatric disorders treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics.

Modernizing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease diagnostics: the progressive shift from liver biopsy to noninvasive techniques.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health concern worldwide. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing and staging MASLD, but it is invasive and carries associated risks. In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing noninvasive techniques for evaluation.

Adsorption of Lufenuron 50-EC Pesticide from Aqueous Solution Using Oil Palm Shell-Derived Activated Carbon.

The use of Lufenuron 50-EC pesticide in oil palm crops affects water quality and aquatic life. This study investigated the adsorption of Lufenuron 50-EC from an aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from oil palm shells (OPSs). Activated carbon (AC) was prepared through physical and chemical activation processes in carbon dioxide environments, using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activating agent.

Advancements in MELD Score and Its Impact on Hepatology.

There continues to be an ongoing need for fair and equitable organ allocation. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score has evolved as a calculated framework to evaluate and allocate patients for liver transplantation objectively. The original MELD score has undergone multiple modifications as it is continuously scrutinized for its accuracy in objectively representing the clinical context of patients with liver disease.

Calcitriol prevents SARS-CoV spike-induced inflammation in human trophoblasts through downregulating ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, increases the risk of pregnancy complications including hypertensive disorders and placental inflammation. The spike glycoprotein mediates viral cell entry by interacting with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 in conjunction with the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). ACE1, ACE2 and renin are components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which regulates blood pressure.

Disparities in screening and risk stratification for hispanic adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background Aims: Cut-points for non-invasive tests (NITs) for risk stratification in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) were derived from predominantly non-Hispanic populations. It is unknown if these cut-points perform adequately in Hispanic individuals. We assessed the performance characteristics of current NIT cut-points among Hispanic patients and determined whether they could be further optimized.

Prostaglandin E suppresses KCNH1 gene expression and inhibits the proliferation of CaSki cervical cells through its four prostanoid PTGER subtypes.

The main risk factor for cervical cancer is the persistent infection of high-risk HPV subtypes, notably HPV16. Another contributing factor is proinflammatory prostaglandin E (PGE), a lipid abundantly found in seminal fluid. PGE, along with its receptors (PTGER1-4), contributes to cancer development; however, its specific role in the proliferation of cervical cancer models with high HPV16 copy numbers remains unclear.

Differences in memory performance: The effects of sex and reproductive experience on object recognition memory in high- and low-yawning Sprague‒Dawley rats.

The novel object recognition (NOR) test is an efficient way to measure nonspatial memory in rodents. The NOR performance of female and male rats is sexually dimorphic because memory performance is better in the former than in the latter. In females, maternal experience enhances spatial memory.