Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Treatment of Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Senegal from March to October 2020.

As of today, little data is available on COVID-19 in African countries, where the case management relied mainly on a treatment by association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM). This study aimed to understand the main clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Senegal from March to October 20202. We described the clinical characteristics of patients and analysed clinical status (alive and discharged versus hospitalized or died) at 15 days after Isolation and Treatment Centres (ITC) admission among adult patients who received HCQ plus AZM and those who did not receive this combination.

[Pneumatisation of the temporal articular eminence: radiographic study in a Senegalese population].

Introduction: Pneumatisation of the zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD) is a rarely seen anatomical variation, a chance discovery but relevant in the planning of temporomandibular joint surgery. The objective of this work was to study the presence and radiographic aspects of pneumatization of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone in a Senegalese population.

Material And Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 444 panoramic radiographs of Senegalese patients in an age range from 5 to 86 years.

PRECISE pregnancy cohort: challenges and strategies in setting up a biorepository in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background And Objective: PRECISE is a population-based, prospective pregnancy cohort study designed for deep phenotyping of pregnancies in women with placenta-related disorders, and in healthy controls. The PRECISE Network is recruiting ~ 10,000 pregnant women in three countries (The Gambia, Kenya, and Mozambique) representing sub-Saharan Africa. The principal aim is to improve our understanding of pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth.

Does insecticide resistance contribute to heterogeneities in malaria transmission in The Gambia?

Background: Malaria hotspots, areas with consistently higher than average transmission, may become increasingly common as malaria declines. This phenomenon, currently observed in The Gambia, may be caused by several factors, including some related to the local vectors, whose contribution is poorly understood.

Methods: Using WHO susceptibility bioassays, insecticide resistance status was determined in vector populations sampled from six pairs of villages across The Gambia, each pair contained a low and high prevalence village.

Copper-selective electrochemical filling of macropore arrays for through-silicon via applications.

In this article, the physico-chemical and electrochemical conditions of through-silicon via formation were studied. First, macropore arrays were etched through a low doped n-type silicon wafer by anodization under illumination into a hydrofluoric acid-based electrolyte. After electrochemical etching, 'almost' through-silicon macropores were locally opened by a backside photolithographic process followed by anisotropic etching.

Multicentric assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine compared to artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: The choice of appropriate artemisinin-based combination therapy depends on several factors (cost, efficacy, safety, reinfection rate and simplicity of administration). To assess whether the combination dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) could be an alternative to artemether-lumefantrine (AL), the efficacy and the tolerability of the two products for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have been compared.

Methods: A multicentric open randomized controlled clinical trial of three-day treatment of DP against AL for the treatment of two parallel groups of patients aged two years and above and suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria was carried out in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal.

Randomized trial of safety and effectiveness of chlorproguanil-dapsone and lumefantrine-artemether for uncomplicated malaria in children in the Gambia.

Background: Chlorproguanil-dapsone (Lapdap), developed as a low-cost antimalarial, was withdrawn in 2008 after concerns about safety in G6PD deficient patients. This trial was conducted in 2004 to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CD and comparison with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) under conditions of routine use in G6PD normal and G6PD deficient patients with uncomplicated malaria in The Gambia. We also examined the effects of a common genetic variant that affects chlorproguanil metabolism on risk of treatment failure.

Multiplex 16S rRNA haplotype-specific PCR, a rapid and convenient method for fish species identification: an application to West African Clupeiform larvae.

A multiplex haplotype-specific polymerase chain reaction (MHS-PCR) method was developed, which identified seven Clupeiform species living in the tropical Eastern Atlantic region: Sardinella aurita, Sardinella maderensis, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicholus, Pellonula leonensis and Ilisha africana. 16S rRNA fragments were amplified using a species-specific set of primers, yielding species-specific size fragments, and then separated using agarose gel electrophoresis, enabling direct visual identification of targeted species. This method provides an accurate, easy and rapid tool for identifying species within large Clupeiform samples.

Influence of HLA class I and HLA-KIR compound genotypes on HIV-2 infection and markers of disease progression in a Manjako community in West Africa.

Overall, the time to AIDS after HIV-2 infection is longer than with HIV-1, and many individuals infected with HIV-2 virus remain healthy throughout their lives. Multiple HLA and KIR gene products have been implicated in the control of HIV-1, but the effect of variation at these loci on HIV-2 disease is unknown. We show here for the first time that HLA-B*1503 is associated significantly with poor prognosis after HIV-2 infection and that HLA-B*0801 is associated with susceptibility to infection.

Host genetic factors and vaccine-induced immunity to hepatitis B virus infection.

Background: Vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is safe and effective; however, vaccine-induced antibody level wanes over time. Peak vaccine-induced anti-HBs level is directly related to antibody decay, as well as risk of infection and persistent carriage despite vaccination. We investigated the role of host genetic factors in long-term immunity against HBV infection based on peak anti-HBs level and seroconversion to anti-HBc.

DC-SIGN (CD209), pentraxin 3 and vitamin D receptor gene variants associate with pulmonary tuberculosis risk in West Africans.

We investigated the role of DC-SIGN (CD209), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in 321 TB cases and 347 healthy controls from Guinea-Bissau. Five additional, functionally relevant SNPs within toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 9 were typed but found, when polymorphic, not to affect host vulnerability to pulmonary TB. We did not replicate an association between SNPs in the DC-SIGN promoter and TB.

[Feeding behaviour of Anopheles funestus resting females in Senegal].

The feeding behaviour of An. funestus resting females was studied in eleven sites in Senegal along a west-east transect in two biogeographical zones (the Sudanese and Sudanese-Guinean zones) by an ELISA technique. Mosquitoes were collected by pyrethrum spray catches.

[Evaluation of the height of the apical delta of maxillary anterior teeth. Surgical significance].

It's a study dealing with the apical delta position in the management of peri-apical lesions. The study was carried out from the observation of root canal systems of 150 teeth mainly central, lateral incisors and canines. The study has been bounded by the conservative dentistry and oral surgery departments of the UCAD Dental Institute.

[A comparison of 2 capture methods for sampling the population of Anopheles funestus Giles in a Sudanese savannah village (Dielmo, Senegal)].

We conducted a comparative study of two collection methods for sampling An. funestus populations--human bait catch and indoor pyrethrum spray--in the Sudanese savannah area of Senegal from April 1996 to March 1997. An.

Persistence of Anopheles arabiensis during the severe dry season conditions in Senegal: an indirect approach using microsatellite loci.

Variation at nine microsatellite loci was investigated to understand how Anopheles arabiensis populations survive the dry season in the sahelian region of Senegal. Low estimates of genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.012, R(ST) = 0.

Similar feeding preferences of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis in Senegal.

This study in Senegal compared the feeding preferences of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis while controlling for equal accessibility to hosts located outdoors under bed net traps. All fed A.

Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and the bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis.

From 1993 to 1996, an entomological survey was conducted in the village of Ndiop, Senegal, as part of a research programme on malaria epidemiology and the mechanisms of protective immunity. Mosquitoes were captured on human bait and by indoor spraying. Species from the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified using the polymerase chain reaction, and Plasmodium falciparum infections were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for circumsporozoite protein.

Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal.

The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray.

High annual and seasonal variations in malaria transmission by anophelines and vector species composition in Dielmo, a holoendemic area in Senegal.

We conducted a three-year entomologic study in Dielmo, a village of 250 inhabitants in a holoendemic area for malaria in Senegal. Anophelines were captured on human bait and by pyrethrum spray collections. The mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified using the polymerase chain reaction.

[Identification of HLA-DR alleles for susceptibility to rheumatoid polyarthritis in Senegal].

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most frequent inflammatory rheumatism disease. Several studies were aimed to understand its physiopathogenesis in particular the association between some HLA-DR alleles and rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study was carried out in 34 patients suffering from RA (30 Women and 4 men).

[The utilization of molecular biological tools in the study of malaria transmission: example of programs conducted in Senegal].

Some informations about malaria transmission, which has until nox difficult to get, can be obtained thanks to the use of molecular biology tools, PCR mainly. In Senegal, we use that technique to solve two kinds of problems: -Identification of species of the Anopheles gambiae complex: PCR technique is useful compared to other diagnostic methods (chromosome pattern, DNA probes, etc.) because it enables quickly and simply identification of captured anopheles from the DNA contained in their legs.