[A comparative study of sphingolipids in transplanted melanomas with high and low metastatic activity].

The content of sphingolipids in M3 and B16/F10 melanomas with a high metastatic potential and in Claudman's and B16/F1 melanomas with a low metastatic potential was studied. It was shown that the content of total lipid-bound sialic acids and ganglioside GM3 in melanomas with a high metastatic potential is considerably higher than that in melanomas with a low metastatic potential. On the other hand, the ceramide to glucosylceramide molar ratio is higher in melanomas with a low metastatic potential.

[Bioeffector sphingolipids as stimulators of cell growth and survival].

The effects of various bioactive sphingolipids (sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine 1-phosphocholine, ceramide 1-phosphate, ceramide beta-glucoside and beta-lactoside, and gangliosides) on cell proliferation and apoptosis are reviewed. It is concluded that the balance between the bioeffector sphingolipids determines their overall effect on cell. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2004, vol.

[The changes in the sphingenine/sphinganine ratio in sphingolipids of transplantable rat tumors depends on a transplantation organ].

The content of sphingenine (sphingosine) and sphinganine was determined in the total pool of sphingomyelin and ceramide in the rat tumors transplanted subcutaneously and intrahepatically. The sphingenine/sphinganine ratio in the subcutaneously transplanted sarcoma M1 and cholangiocellular carcinoma RS1 was lower than that in the sphingolipids of the intrahepatically transplanted tumors. However, the sphingenine/sphinganine ratio in the subcutaneously transplanted rat hepatoma 27 was higher than in the intrahepatically transplanted hepatoma.

[Biologically effective sphingolipids devoid of 4-trans-double bond in the sphingoid hydrocarbon chain].

The bioregulatory functions of sphingolipids devoid of 4E-double bond in the sphingoid chain are discussed; the sphingolipids are shown to be biologically active. The English version of the paper.

[The relationship between the biological functions of sphingolipids and their chemical structure].

The interrelation between the bioeffector functions of sphingolipids and their chemical structure is reviewed. The effects of modifications of sphingoid functional groups on the bioregulatory properties of sphingolipids in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are discussed.

[Changes in the activity of neutral and acidic isoforms of sphingomyelinase in hepatoma-22, regenerating and ischemic liver].

Activity of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases (N- and A-SMases) were studied in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy (during 48 hrs after operation), in ischemic liver during 15, 30 min and 1 and 2 hrs ischemia and during following reperfusion (from 5 min up to 2 hrs), in hepatoma- 22 after 15 days of transplantation and in liver of tumor bearing animals. It was shown that activity of N-SMase is increased in hepatoma-22 and in regenerating liver and it is decreased in ischemic liver. Following reperfusion of ischemic liver area activity of enzyme was found to have returned to baseline in dependence on time of ischemia and reperfusion.

[Sphingolipids and cancer].

The qualitative and quantitative changes in sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins, glycosphingolipids) occurring under tumor growth are considered. The influence of these changes on cell functions and immunity as well as the role of dietary sphingolipids in cancer and "sphingolipid" therapy of tumors are discussed.

[Ceramides and gangliosides in benign and malignant human ovarian tumors].

Composition and content of ceramides and gangliosides from different kinds of human ovary benign and malignant epithelial tumours were studied. The ceramide content was shown to decrease significantly in the tumours, especially in malignant tumours, in comparison with the normal ovary tissue. In the tumour ceramides a sphingosine base composition changes: sphinganine was found along with sphingenine, which is characteristic for normal ceramides.

[Human ovarian ceramides and gangliosides in aging].

The age dependence of the ceramide and ganglioside content in human ovaries has been studied. It has been found that the ganglioside content does not change upon ageing, while the ceramide content alters with age, showing initial increase around the age of 45-47 years but then drops drastically. The composition of gangliosides undergoes drastic changes in the course of time, GM3 and GD3 being the major gangliosides in human ovaries.

[Sphingolipids and malignant growth].

Data concerning qualitative and quantitative changes in sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins, glycolipids) occurring under cell malignization are reviewed. The influence of these changes on biological functions of cell membranes and immunity as well as "sphingolipid" therapy of tumours are discussed.

[Lipoxygenase oxidation of arachidonic acid in murine splenocytes and its modulation by the lactone ganglioside GM3].

The main arachidonic acid metabolites released into the medium by mouse splenocytes have been identified on the basis of chromatographic and spectral studies as well as by mass spectrometry of the derivatives. In the absence or presence of exogenous arachidonic acid mouse splenocytes produce mainly 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic and 12,20-dihydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acids. Both products are constantly released by intact cells into surrounding media without stimulation by exogenous substrate or other modulators.

[Amides of ganglioside GD3].

Analysis of natural ganglioside lactones usually employs NH3 treatment. In the present paper it has been shown that the GD3 dilactone forms with ammonia three rather than one GD3 amides--a GD3 diamide and two GD3 monoamides. The structure of these amides is discussed.

[Ganglioside lactones in human stomach and breast tumors].

Ganglioside lactones absent in homologous normal tissues have been found in minute amounts in human gastric and mammary tumours. In mammary gland tumours only the ganglioside GM3 lactone has been identified. Gastric tumours also contain the GM3 lactone; in one case a ganglioside GD3 lactone was identified.

[Gangliosides and antibodies to gangliosides in blood serum].

The concentration and composition of gangliosides from normal and pathological blood serum of animals and man are reviewed. Data concerning the elevation of the ganglioside content in the serum under malignization are summarized. The appearance of ganglioside-specific antibodies in some pathological states is described.

[Comparative study of lymph node gangliosides and blood serum of normal and T-lymphotrophic baboons].

The gangliosides from the lymph nodes and blood sera of normal and T-lymphomic baboons were studied. In lymph nodes the major gangliosides were identified as GM3 and GD3, those in blood sera--as GM3, GM1 and GD3. Gangliosides GM3 and GD3 contained N-acetyl as well as N-glycoloyl neuraminic acids.

[Ganglioside (GD3) in serum of cancer patients].

Gangliosides were studied in blood serum of healthy volunteers and of patients with cancer of mammary gland and stomach. Blood serum of the majority of patients with cancer and only 15% of healthy persons were shown to contain ganglioside GD3 which was detected in blood of patients with some other tumors.

[Gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in human stomach and breast tumors].

Gangliosides of human gastric and mammary tumours and of homologous normal tissues were studied by using biochemical methods and specific antisera. It was found that in most cases GM3, GD3 and GM1 are predominant gangliosides, whereas several polar components are minor ones. A comparison of the relative amount of ganglioside fractions revealed that in gastric tumours the per cent content of polar compounds is higher than in intact tissue; however, the absolute content of all gangliosides is markedly increased.

[Gangliosides modulate lipoxygenase oxidation in human lymphocytes].

Using reverse phase high performance chromatography with UV-detection, the arachidonic acid cascade in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was studied. It was found that PBL oxidized arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) being the major metabolite of endogenous arachidonic acid. Exogenous arachidonic acid added to human PBL suspensions increased 12-HETE synthesis 5-7 times.

[Composition of fatty acids and sphingosine bases of placental gangliosides].

The fatty acids and sphingosine bases from major placenta gangliosides (NeuAcLacCer, IV3NeuAc-nLc4Cer, VI3NeuAc-nLc6Cer, (NeuAc)2LacCer, II3IV3(NeuAc)2Gg4Cer and VI3NeuAc, IV6(II3NeuAc-nLcNAc)-nLc6Cer) were studied. The C18-sphingenine was shown to be present in all ganglioside fractions; fraction GD1a contained, in addition, C20-sphingenine. Saturated fatty acids were identified as major fatty acid fragments.

[Ganglioside GM3 derivatives and their immunomodulating effect].

The derivatives of ganglioside GM3-NeuLacCer. NeuLacSph and NeuAcLacSphAc-were obtained and their immunomodulating properties studied. These substances are shown to inhibit lymphocyte blast-transformation independently of their ceramide structure.

[Analysis of the NeuAc-LacCer ganglioside structure and its analogs by mass spectrometry with bombardment with accelerated atoms].

Gangliosides NeuAc-LacCer, NeuGc-LacCer, NeuLac-Sph and NeuAc-LacSphAc were analysed by FAB mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. It is shown that this method gives valuable information on the structure of carbohydrate chains and fatty acid residues of the ganglioside molecules taking only micrograms of substances.

[Isolation and identification of products of accumulation in Fabry disease].

Three fractions of glycolipids--monohexosylceramide, dihexosylceramide (DHC) and trihexosylceramide (THC) were isolated from kidney of patient with Fabry disease. As compared with normal state amount of DHC and THC was increased in the patient kidney 9-19-fold and 15-26-fold, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography showed that the DHC fraction consisted in digalactosylceramide, while the THC fraction--a mixture of digalactosylglucosylceramide (90%) and trigalactosylceramide (10%).

[Glycosphingolipids from human T-lymphoma MOLT-4 cells].

The glycosphingolipids of human lymphoma MOLT-4 cells were studied, using biochemical methods and specific antisera to gangliosides. The major neutral glycosphingolipids were found to be glucosyl- and lactosyl ceramides. GM3, GM2, GM1 and GD1a were identified as ganglioside components.