The lateral malleolar bony fleck classified by size and pathoanatomy: The IOFAS classification.

Background: This study analyzes position of the peroneal tendons and status of the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) whenever a lateral malleolar bony flake fracture occurs.

Methods: Twenty-four patients had a lateral malleolar bony fleck on anteroposterior ankle radiographs, either in isolation or associated with other hindfoot injuries. We studied size of the bony flecks, presence or absence of peroneal tendon dislocation and pathoanatomy on CT scans.

Incidence and recognition of peroneal tendon dislocation associated with calcaneal fractures.

Background: Questions abound regarding natural history and medicolegal implications of untreated peroneal tendon dislocation (PTD) associated with calcaneal fractures.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed CT scans and anteroposterior ankle radiographs of 79 consecutive calcaneal fractures presenting over 4 years at a single institution.

Results: Nineteen patients (24%) had associated PTD, which was initially missed in 10 (53%).