Epidemic Intelligence Service Alumni in Public Health Leadership Roles.

Since 1951, the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has trained physicians, nurses, scientists, veterinarians, and other allied health professionals in applied epidemiology.

Physical activity types among US adults with mobility disability, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017.

Background: The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommend that all adults participate in moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity at least 150-300 min/week for substantial health benefits and muscle-strengthening activities involving all major muscle groups 2 or more days a week. The prevalence of the general population meeting the Guidelines and the types of physical activity in which they engage have been described elsewhere. Similar descriptions are lacking for individuals with mobility disability whose physical activity profiles may differ from the general population.

Anti-Hypertensive Medication Use and Factors Related to Adherence Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to experience significant health disparities; however, few studies have described anti-hypertensive medication adherence in this population. Using administrative data from South Carolina from 2000-2014, we evaluated the odds of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among a cohort of adults with IDD and hypertension. Approximately half (49.

Trust, fear, stigma and disruptions: community perceptions and experiences during periods of low but ongoing transmission of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone, 2015.

Social mobilisation and risk communication were essential to the 2014-2015 West African Ebola response. By March 2015, >8500 Ebola cases and 3370 Ebola deaths were confirmed in Sierra Leone. Response efforts were focused on 'getting to zero and staying at zero'.

Contraceptive use at last intercourse among reproductive-aged women with disabilities: an analysis of population-based data from seven states.

Objective: To assess patterns of contraceptive use at last intercourse among women with physical or cognitive disabilities compared to women without disabilities.

Study Design: We analyzed responses to 12 reproductive health questions added by seven states to their 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaire. Using responses from female respondents 18-50 years of age, we performed multinomial regression to calculate estimates of contraceptive use among women at risk for unintended pregnancy by disability status and type, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance status, and parity.

Daily Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, by Disability Status, Among Adults in 23 States and the District of Columbia.

Introduction: Information on dietary intake, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), for adults with disabilities is limited. Such information can inform interventions to prevent chronic disease and promote health among adults with disabilities. The objective of this study was to describe the associations between SSB consumption and disability among adults.

Primary Care Providers' Level of Preparedness for Recommending Physical Activity to Adults With Disabilities.

Introduction: Adults with disabilities are more likely to be physically inactive than those without disabilities. Although receiving a health care provider recommendation is associated with physical activity participation in this population, there is little information on factors associated with primary care providers recommending physical activity to patients with disabilities.

Methods: We used 2014 DocStyles data to assess primary care provider characteristics and perceived barriers to and knowledge-related factors of recommending physical activity to adult patients with disabilities, by how prepared primary care providers felt in making recommendations.

'Once there is life, there is hope' Ebola survivors' experiences, behaviours and attitudes in Sierra Leone, 2015.

Background: In Sierra Leone, over 4000 individuals survived Ebola since the outbreak began in 2014. Because Ebola survivorship was largely unprecedented prior to this outbreak, little is known about survivor experiences during and post illness.

Methods: To assess survivors' experiences and attitudes related to Ebola, 28 in-depth interviews and short quantitative surveys with survivors from all four geographic regions of Sierra Leone were conducted in May 2015.

A longitudinal assessment of adherence to breast and cervical cancer screening recommendations among women with and without intellectual disability.

Each year in the United States, about 4000 deaths are attributed to cervical cancer, and over 40,000 deaths are attributed to breast cancer (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, 2015).

Development and implementation of a local government survey to measure community supports for healthy eating and active living.

The ability to make healthy choices is influenced by where one lives, works, shops, and plays. Locally enacted policies and standards can influence these surroundings but little is known about the prevalence of such policies and standards that support healthier behaviors. In this paper, we describe the development of a survey questionnaire designed to capture local level policy supports for healthy eating and active living and findings and lessons learned from a 2012 pilot in two states, Minnesota and California, including respondent burden, survey sampling and administration methods, and survey item feasibility issues.

Normative Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Testing Among US Children Aged 6-11 years.

Background: Nationally representative normative values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have not been described for US children since the mid 1980s.

Objective: To provide sex- and age-specific normative values for CRF of US children aged 6-11 years.

Methods: Data from 624 children aged 6-11 years who participated in the CRF testing as part of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey, a cross-sectional survey, were analyzed.

The Attributable Proportion of Specific Leisure-Time Physical Activities to Total Leisure Activity Volume Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

Background: Previous studies have examined participation in specific leisure-time physical activities (PA) among US adults. The purpose of this study was to identify specific activities that contribute substantially to total volume of leisure-time PA in US adults.

Methods: Proportion of total volume of leisure-time PA moderate-equivalent minutes attributable to 9 specific types of activities was estimated using self-reported data from 21,685 adult participants (≥ 18 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

Adults with One or More Functional Disabilities - United States, 2011-2014.

Nearly 40 million persons in the United States have a disability, as defined by responses to six questions recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as the national standard for identifying disabilities in population-based health surveys (1).

Socioeconomic Factors at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity Influencing Health Risks for People with Disabilities.

Objectives: People with disabilities are known to experience disparities in behavioral health risk factors including smoking and obesity. What is unknown is how disability, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status combine to affect prevalence of these health behaviors. We assessed the association between race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors (income and education), and disability on two behavioral health risk factors.

Physical Activity Measures in the Healthy Communities Study.

The risk of obesity is reduced when youth engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA). For that reason, public health organizations in the U.S.

Active Gaming Among High School Students--United States, 2010.

Objectives: Our study is the first to describe the prevalence and correlates (demographics, body mass index [BMI], sedentary behaviors, and physical activity) of high school youth who report active videogame playing (active gaming) in a U.S. representative sample.

Participation in Types of Physical Activities Among US Adults--National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

Background: Information on specific types of physical activities in which US adults participate is important for community and program development to promote physical activity.

Methods: Prevalence of participation and average time spent for 33 leisure-time aerobic activities and 10 activity categories were calculated using self-reported data from 22,545 participants aged ≥ 18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

Results: Overall, 38% of US adults reported no leisure-time physical activities, and 43% reported 1 or 2 activities in the past 30 days.

Walking for Transportation: What do U.S. Adults Think is a Reasonable Distance and Time?

Background: Less than one-third of U.S. adults walk for transportation.

Walking for Transportation and Leisure Among U.S. Adults--National Health Interview Survey 2010.

Background: Walking, the most commonly reported physical activity among U.S. adults, is undertaken in various domains, including transportation and leisure.

Physical Activities of U.S. High School Students--2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey.

Background: The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines recommend youth participate in a variety of physical activities; however, few nationally representative studies describe the types and variety of youth activity. This study assessed the most frequently reported types and variety of activities among U.S.

Physical activity and health-related quality of life: US adults with and without limitations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the dose-response relationship between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with and without limitations.

Methods: We dichotomized HRQOL as ≥14 unhealthy (physical or mental) days (past 30 days), or <14 unhealthy days. By using a moderate-intensity minute equivalent, PA categories were as follows: inactive, 10-60, 61-149, 150-300, and >300 min/week.