Identification of immunostimulatory activities and active compounds from sequentially extracted fractions of rhizosphere fungal fermentation broth of Koidz. rhizomes.

Introduction: Pharmacological studies have shown that the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Compositae), commonly known as atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (AMR), can modulate immunity. Nevertheless, its resources have been largely depleted, and the pharmacological activity of artificial AMR is relatively modest.

Atractylenolide III ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via suppressing the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-pMLC signaling pathway.

This study is to demonstrate the protection of atractylenolide III (AT III) on intestinal barrier dysfunction in ulcerative colitis (UC). UC model was established by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and TNF-α was used to induce dysfunction in the intestinal epithelial barrier. TEER, FD-4 transmembrane flux and DAI were measured.

Investigating the mechanism of action of Yanghe Pingchuan Granule in the treatment of bronchial asthma based on bioinformatics and experimental validation.

Background: Yanghe Pingchuan Granule (YPG) is a patented Chinese medicine developed independently by the Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. For many years, it has been used for the treatment of asthma with remarkable clinical effects. However, the composition of YPG is complex, and its potential active ingredients and mechanism of action for the treatment of asthma are unknown.

Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on oxidative stress in COPD via the AhR / CYP1A1 and Nrf2 / NQO1 pathways and the underlying mechanism.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third leading cause of death globally. Oxidative stress affects various molecular mechanisms and is the main driving factor of COPD. Ally isothiocyanate (AITC) is an effective component of Semen Sinapis Albae, which has favorable effects for the treatment of COPD, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Diversity and structural analysis of rhizosphere soil microbial communities in wild and cultivated Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and their effects on the accumulation of active components.

Rhizosphere microorganisms are the main factors affecting the formation of high quality medicinal materials and promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, the composition, diversity, and function of rhizosphere microbial communities in endangered wild and cultivated (RAM) and their relationships with active component accumulation have remained unclear. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and correlation analysis were used to study the rhizosphere microbial community diversity (bacteria and fungi) of three RAM species and its correlation with the accumulation of polysaccharides, atractylone, and lactones (I, II, and III).

Allyl isothiocyanate dry powder inhaler based on cyclodextrin-metal organic frameworks for pulmonary delivery.

In this study, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was prepared as the dry powder inhalation by loading cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) to enhance pulmonary delivery. β-CD-MOF and γ-CD-MOF both could be used to carry AITC with the optimal loading conditions (50˚C, :  = 1:7, 7 h). Compared with β-CD-MOF, γ-CD-MOF had more advantages in AITC loading due to its high drug loading and stable crystal morphology.

Preparation and in Vitro Evaluation of Osmotic-Pump Lorcaserin-hydrochloride Controlled-Release Tablets.

Long-term and constant-release osmotic-pump lorcaserin hydrochloride controlled-release tablets (OP LH CRTs) were prepared, to investigate the influencing factors of LH release and optimize the formulation. The mechanism of release of LH from OP LH CRTs in vitro was investigated. By establishing a high-efficiency method for measuring LH release in vitro, and optimizing it by single-factor and orthogonal experiments, the best formulation of OP LH CRTs was determined.

Metformin alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cigarette smoke extract-induced glucocorticoid resistance by activating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important healthcare problem worldwide. Often, glucocorticoid (GC) resistance develops during COPD treatment. As a classic hypoglycemic drug, metformin (MET) can be used as a treatment strategy for COPD due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its specific mechanism of action is not known.

Allyl isothiocyanate increases MRP1 expression in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells via the JNK/Nrf2 pathway.

Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in the biological transport of several molecules with diverse structural characteristics outside of the cell. In addition to its transport activity, MRP1 exhibits multiple defense mechanisms . MRP1 is highly expressed in normal lung tissues and plays a protective role in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Identification and Characterization of Chemical Constituents in HuaTanJiangQi Capsules by UPLC-QTOF-MS Method.

Background: HuaTanJiangQi (HTJQ) is a classical Chinese medicine compound preparation, mainly used for clinically treating and improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.

Objective: To establish a rapid and efficient analytical method for the identification and characterization of chemical constituents in HTJQ based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS).

Method: UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to rapidly separate and identify the chemical constituents of HTJQ via a gradient elution system.

AITC induces MRP1 expression by protecting against CS/CSE-mediated DJ-1 protein degradation activation of the DJ-1/Nrf2 axis.

The present study aimed to examine the effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to investigate whether upregulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) associated with the activation of the PARK7 (DJ-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis. Lung function indexes and histopathological changes in mice were assessed by lung function detection and H&E staining. The expression levels of Nrf2, MRP1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and DJ-1 were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

[Comparative study on serum transitional components of Huatan Jiangqi Capsules in rats under pathological and physiological status].

The differences of transitional components and metabolic processes of Huatan Jiangqi Capsules(HTJQ) in rats under normal physiological and pathological conditions of COPD were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The rat COPD model was established by passive smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. After the normal and COPD model rats were douched with HTJQ, the blood was collected from hepatic portal vein and the drug-containing serum samples were prepared by methanol precipitation of protein.

Allyl isothiocyanate treatment alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through the Nrf2-Notch1 signaling and upregulation of MRP1.

Aims: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, which can cause serious social and economic burdens. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is one of the most common natural isothiocyanates and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biological activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AITC regulated Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), reactive oxide species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels via Nrf2 and Notch1 signaling pathways to treat COPD and whether there was an interaction between these two pathways.

Metabolic profiling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model rats and the interventional effects of HuaTanJiangQi decoction using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS.

The occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will lead to physiological and pathological variations and endogenous metabolic disorders. A traditional Chinese medicine formula, HuaTanJiangQi decoction (HTJQ), exhibits an unambiguous therapeutic effect on COPD in China. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on COPD is not clear.

Allyl isothiocyanate upregulates MRP1 expression through Notch1 signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1) and Notch signaling are closely related and both play a critical role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) establishment and progression. The aim of our work was to test whether Notch1 is involved in allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induced MRP1 expression. We used cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to simulate the smoking microenvironment in vitro.

Current Research Method in Transporter Study.

Transporters play an important role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. In recent years, various in vitro, in situ/ex vivo, and in vivo methods have been established for studying transporter function and drug-transporter interaction. In this chapter, the major types of in vitro models for drug transport studies comprise membrane-based assays, cell-based assays (such as primary cell cultures, immortalized cell lines), and transporter-transfected cell lines with single transporters or multiple transporters.

Allyl isothiocyanate may reverse the expression of MRP1 in COPD rats via the Notch1 signaling pathway.

In the present study, the roles of AITC in up-regulating the MRP1 expression and its relationship with the activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway were investigated by combining the in vivo and in vitro experiments. AITC was administered to the COPD model rats and normal rats to explore the association between Notch1 and MRP1. The human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with DAPT, the Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitor, to verify the effect of Notch1 on the expression of AITC-induced MRP1.

Preparation and evaluation of azilsartan osmotic pump tablets based on the preformulation investigation.

The objective of this study was to design and evaluate azilsartan osmotic pump tablets. Preformulation properties of azilsartan were investigated for formulation design. Azilsartan osmotic pump tablets were prepared by incorporation of drug in the core and subsequent coating with cellulose acetate and polyethylene glycol 4000 as semi-permeable membrane, then drilled an orifice at the center of one side.

Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Plasma Protein Binding Studies of 10-Dehydroxyl-12-Demethoxy-Conophylline, a Novel Anti-Tumor Candidate, in Rats.

10-Dehydroxyl-12-demethoxy-conophylline is a natural anticancer candidate. The motivation of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic profiles, tissue distribution, and plasma protein binding of 10-dehydroxyl-12-demethoxy-conophylline in Sprague Dawley rats. A rapid, sensitive, and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with a fluorescence (FLR) detection method was developed for the determination of 10-dehydroxyl-12-demethoxy-conophylline in different rat biological samples.

Upregulation of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 1 by Allyl Isothiocyanate in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell: Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway.

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) plays a protective role in the etiology and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which results from oxidative stress and inflammation of lung injury. The lower functional MRP1 activity is related to COPD development. Our previous study showed that Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induced the expression and activity of MRP1 in a dose-dependent manner.

[Preparation Technique of Tetraploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis Synthetic Seed Based on Embryogenic Callus].

Objective: To provide technical support for industrialization promotion of tetraploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis, the manufacturing method for synthetic seeds of tetraploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis was established and the correlated influential factors were studied.

Methods: By taking embryogenic calluses of tetraploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis as propagation materials, the influential factors such as components of artificial endosperm, seed coats,storage conditions and germination materials on germination and seedling of the synthetic seeds were evaluated.

Results: When 4% alginate +2% CaCl2 + 2% chitosan was served as seed coat materials, and 1/2 MS +0.

[Roles of the cross talk between MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways. Its main pathological manifestations include airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, oxidative stress and apoptotic epithelial cells. Recent research suggests that MAP kinases and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway are involved in the pathological process of inflammation and oxidative stress.