Attributable mortality of candidemia - Results from the ECMM Candida III multinational European Observational Cohort Study.

Introduction: Despite antifungal advancements, candidaemia still has a high mortality rate of up to 40%. The ECMM Candida III study in Europe investigated the changing epidemiology and outcomes of candidaemia for better understanding and management of these infections.

Methods: In this observational cohort study, participating hospitals enrolled the first ten consecutive adults with blood culture-proven candidemia.

Brief Report: Incidence and Management of Complex Kidney Situations Among On-Demand and Daily HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users.

Background: We evaluated complex pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) situations linked to kidney issues in a cohort of on-demand and daily PrEP users.

Setting: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in France including all PrEP users who received a tenofovir disoproxil (TD)-emtricitabine (FTC) prescription between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2019 with at least 1 creatinine measurement available before and after PrEP initiation.

Methods: A complex kidney situation (CKS) was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/minute/1.

[ F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography for Initial Staging and Healing Assessment at the End of Therapy in Lymph Nodes and Bone Tuberculosis.

In extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, therapeutic management is difficult in the absence of reliable tool to affirm healing at the end of treatment. In this prospective multicenter study, we evaluated [F]FDG-PET for this purpose. Forty-two patients out of 55 included patients could be analyzed.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine maintenance strategy in virologically controlled adults with low HIV-1 DNA: 48 week results from a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Objectives: Low HIV reservoirs may be associated with viral suppression under a lower number of antiretroviral drugs. We investigated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine as a maintenance strategy in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with low HIV-DNA.

Methods: TRULIGHT (NCT02302547) was a multicentre, open-label, randomized trial comparing a simplification to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine versus a triple regimen continuation (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine with a third agent, control arm) in virologically suppressed adults with HIV-DNA <2.

Mortality of People Living with HIV in Paris Area from 2011 to 2015.

In high-income countries, causes of death in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have changed. Three French national surveys from 2000 to 2010 showed a decrease in AIDS-related and an increase in non-AIDS-related deaths. Deaths notified in PLHIV followed between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015 in 1 of 13 participating hospitals northeast of Paris area were described.

Hepatitis Rebound after Infection with Yellow Fever Virus.

In 2018, yellow fever with hepatitis was diagnosed for 2 unvaccinated travelers returning to France from Brazil. Hepatitis persisted for >6 months; liver enzyme levels again increased 2 months after disease onset with no detection of yellow fever virus RNA or other pathogens. Persistent hepatitis with hepatic cytolysis rebound probably resulted from immune response.

First-line Raltegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Combination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) Infection: A Phase 2, Noncomparative Trial (ANRS 159 HIV-2).

Background: New options for first-line treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection are needed. We evaluated an integrase inhibitor (raltegravir)-containing regimen.

Methods: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults with symptomatic infection by HIV-2 only, CD4 count <500 cells/μL or CD4 decrease >50 cells/μL/year over the past 3 years, or a confirmed plasma HIV-2 RNA (pVL) load ≥100 copies/mL were eligible for this noncomparative trial.

Efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in men who have sex with men: an observational cohort study.

Background: Data for on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are scarce. We implemented a cohort study to assess its efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour.

Methods: We invited men and transgender women who have sex with men, previously enrolled in the randomised placebo-controlled ANRS IPERGAY trial at seven sites (six in France and one in Canada), to participate in an open-label extension with on-demand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg) and emtricitabine (200 mg) to be taken before and after sexual intercourse.

Clinical features and risk factors for atazanavir (ATV)-associated urolithiasis: a case-control study.

Objectives: Clinical features and risk factors for atazanavir (ATV)-associated urolithiasis have not been fully investigated.

Methods: We reviewed all cases of ATV-containing urolithiasis identified by infrared spectrophotometry among HIV-infected patients over a 5-year period to describe their clinical features and outcome. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors associated with ATV-associated urolithiasis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

HIV-1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cannabis use are associated with intermittent HIV shedding in semen of men who have sex with men on successful antiretroviral regimens.

Background: Few data exist on the efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in semen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected men who have sex with men (MSM) with sustained control of HIV replication in blood.

Methods: HIV-1 infected MSM on successful cART for >6 months were enrolled. HIV-RNA was quantified in seminal plasma (spVL) and in blood plasma (bpVL) from 2 paired samples collected 4 weeks apart.

Highly sensitive plasma RNA quantification by real-time PCR in HIV-2 group A and group B infection.

Unlabelled: Plasma HIV-2 viral load has been reported as predictive of AIDS in HIV-2 infected patient but the lack of sensitivity of the current HIV2 viral load assay is a limitation for the monitoring of the HIV-2-infected patients.

Objective: To validate a new quantification assay based on a synthetic HIV-2 RNA transcript and real-time PCR with primers and probes selected in the LTR region, together with high-performance reagents and a protective RNA carrier.

Study Design: We quantified 23 HIV-2 group A and B supernatants and 58 plasma samples with our TAQMAN-PCR assay and compared the results to those of our previously published in a real time reference PCR performed onto Light Cycler technology, the LC-PCR with a detection of 2.

Challenges and opportunities for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV infection: where are we in Europe?

Following US Food and Drugs Administration approval in July 2012 of daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection in high-risk individuals in the USA, there has been much controversy about the implementation of this PrEP regimen in other countries throughout the world, and in Europe in particular. In this review, we focus on the challenges and opportunities of a daily oral PrEP regimen to curb the rising incidence of HIV infection in high-risk groups, and particularly in men who have sex with men. A number of issues would need to be addressed before PrEP could be implemented, including assessing the real effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of daily PrEP, the sustainability of daily adherence, the risk of selecting resistance, the long-term safety, and the risk of change in sexual behavior that might offset the benefit of PrEP.

High level of susceptibility to human TRIM5α conferred by HIV-2 capsid sequences.

Background: HIV-2, which was transmitted to humans from a distant primate species (sooty mangabey), differs remarkably from HIV-1 in its infectivity, transmissibility and pathogenicity. We have tested the possibility that a greater susceptibility of HIV-2 capsid (CA) to the human restriction factor TRIM5α (hTRIM5α) could contribute to these differences.

Results: We constructed recombinant clones expressing CA from a variety of HIV-2 viruses in the context of HIV-1 NL4-3-luciferase.

Quality of travel health advice in a French travel medicine and vaccine center: a prospective observational study.

Background: The number of international trips undertaken by French citizens is rising and we wished to assess the appropriateness of advices given to travelers in a vaccine and travel medicine center in France.

Methods: We conducted a 3-month prospective study in one center in Paris where prescriptions and advice to travelers are given by trained physicians in travel medicine who have access to a computerized decision support system (Edisan). A questionnaire was used to record trip characteristics, patients' demographics, and prescriptions.

Antiretroviral therapy initiation in France: adherence to national guidelines and outcome.

Objectives And Methods: Retrospective study of all patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2007 in a single center in Paris, with baseline characteristics and 1-year outcome, to assess adherence to national guidelines.

Results: We analyzed 118 patients. Time of ART initiation was in agreement with the guidelines for only 64 (54.

Predictors of virological outcome and safety in primary HIV type 1-infected patients initiating quadruple antiretroviral therapy: QUEST GW PROB3005.

Background: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy during primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection may confer long-term benefit.

Methods: After initiation of zidovudine, lamivudine, abacavir, and amprenavir therapy in patients in the QUEST cohort, predictors of virological outcome, virological and immunological changes, and adverse events were evaluated over 48 weeks.

Results: One hundred forty-eight patients started antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV-1 infection with < or =3 bands on Western Blot (median plasma HIV-1 RNA load, 5.