Distribution of rotavirus genotypes causing nosocomial and community-acquired acute gastroenteritis at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in the new rotavirus vaccine era.

Background: Introduction of rotavirus vaccines in the United States beginning in 2006 led to a rapid decline in the frequency of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis necessitating medical attention. We examined whether serotype replacement was occurring as a result of vaccine use.

Methods: Children with gastroenteritis presenting to CHOP have been tested for rotavirus antigen in the stool.

An unusual outbreak of rotavirus genotype G2P[6] during the 2005-2006 epidemic season in Philadelphia.

Most rotavirus gastroenteritis is caused by G1P[8] strains. When G2 infections are encountered, the P type has most often been reported to be P[4]. The purpose of our study was to describe an unusual outbreak of G2P[6] cases.

Sustained decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in the new rotavirus vaccine era.

Background: A dramatic diminution in the number of rotavirus gastroenteritis cases during the 2007 to 2008 rotavirus season in the United States was likely attributable to the availability of an effective rotavirus vaccine for infants since February 2006. To exclude the possibility that factors other than vaccination accounted for the declining case frequency, we examined the 2008 to 2009 experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).

Methods: Infants with acute gastroenteritis presenting to CHOP have been monitored for the presence of rotavirus antigen in the stool by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (followed by serotyping if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive) since the 1994 to 1995 epidemic season.

Unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants.

Background: The highest incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has generally been reported in children 6-24 months of age. Young infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or via breast milk. The purpose of our study was to assess the age distribution of children with confirmed community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to an urban referral hospital.

Decline in cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia after introduction of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine.

A pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for infants became available in the United States in February 2006. By 2007, vaccination rates nationwide were estimated to be approximately 50%. We studied the effectiveness of the vaccine in a real-world setting outside of a clinical trial.

The clinical and molecular epidemiology of community- and healthcare-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Background: Rotavirus is the most common etiologic agent of healthcare-acquired diarrhea in pediatric patients. There has been little published information on healthcare-acquired rotavirus infection.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with rotavirus gastroenteritis at our institution between December 1999 and May 2004.

Impact of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis on pediatric outpatient practices in the United States.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the presenting symptoms, healthcare utilization, and lost time from work and day care associated with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis.

Methods: During the winter to spring seasons of 2002-2003 or 2003-2004, children <36 months of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis to urban and suburban pediatric outpatient practices affiliated with 5 academic centers across the United States were enrolled in similarly designed studies. The case definition required >or=3 watery or looser-than-normal stools and/or forceful vomiting within a 24-hour period beginning View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Assessment of the epidemic potential of a new strain of rotavirus associated with the novel G9 serotype which caused an outbreak in the United States for the first time in the 1995-1996 season.

Rotavirus causes severe morbidity in developed countries and frequent deaths (> or = 500,000 per year) in less-developed countries. Historically, four serotypes--G1, G2, G3, and G4-have predominated; they are distinguished by one of two surface neutralization antigens (VP7). However, in 1983 and 1984 we described a new rotavirus serotype, designated G9, in five children hospitalized for diarrhea in Philadelphia, Pa.

Infant immune response to human rotavirus serotype G1 vaccine candidate reassortant WI79-9: different dose response patterns to virus surface proteins VP7 and VP4.

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of morbidity from gastroenteritis in the developed world and the leading cause of mortality from viral gastroenteritis (estimated 600000 deaths) worldwide. G1 is the most prevalent human serotype. Reassortant rotavirus between simian rotavirus RRV or bovine rotavirus WC3 and human strain rotaviruses have been extensively tested as candidate vaccines.