Type 1 diabetes genetic risk score variation across ancestries using whole genome sequencing and array-based approaches.

A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score (T1DGRS) aids diagnosis and prediction of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). While traditionally derived from imputed array genotypes, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) provides a more direct approach and is now increasingly used in clinical and research studies. We investigated the concordance between WGS-based and array-based T1DGRS across genetic ancestries in 149,265 UK Biobank participants using WGS, TOPMed-imputed, and 1000 Genomes-imputed array genotypes.

In Full Bloom.

A daughter realizes her mother, a former geriatric nurse, is experiencing dementia.

Management of functional communication, swallowing, cough and related disorders: consensus recommendations for speech and language therapy.

Communication problems (eg, dysphonia, dysfluency and language and articulation disorders), swallowing disorders (dysphagia and globus), cough and upper airway symptoms, resulting from functional neurological disorder (FND), are commonly encountered by speech and language professionals. However, there are few descriptions in the literature of the most effective practical management approaches. This consensus document aims to provide recommendations for assessment and intervention that are relevant to both adults and young people.

Stress-Induced Immunomodulation in Low and High Reactive Sheep.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between stress and temperament on the humoral immune response of ewes. Eighty ewes were allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design ( = 20 ewes/treatment): low (LR) and high (HR) reactive ewes were either exposed to no stress (CON) or were visually isolated (STRESS). Ewes remained in treatment pens for 23 h: heart rate was measured continuously, and saliva samples were collected prior to testing and at 0.

'I thought it would keep them all quiet'. Women's experiences of breastfeeding as illusions of compliance: an interpretive phenomenological study.

Aims: To explore the experiences of breastfeeding women.

Background: There is a plethora of data demonstrating that human breast milk provides complete nutrition for human infants. While the rate of initiation of breastfeeding in the United Kingdom has shown a steady increase in the last 25 years, rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the early weeks and months over the same time period have shown only marginal increases.

'Practising under your own Pin'- a description of the transition experiences of newly qualified midwives.

Aim: Transition experiences of newly qualified midwives were examined in depth during the third phase of a UK evaluation study of midwifery education.

Background: The fitness to practise and the retention of newly qualified nursing and midwifery graduates are pressing concerns for health care managers. The advantages of preceptorship are reported in the literature but the content and timing of schemes remain unclear.

The MINT project--an evaluation of the impact of midwife teachers on the outcomes of pre-registration midwifery education in the UK.

Objective: to explore the contribution of midwife teachers in preparing student midwives for competent practice.

Design: a three phase design using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Phase one involved UK wide on-line questionnaire surveys, phase two was a case study method in six UK approved education institutions and phase three was a diary study with newly qualified midwives.

Final year students' perceptions of learning to be a midwife in six British universities.

Midwifery education in the UK has been delivered through the University sector since the mid-1990s, with the requirement to create safe, effective clinicians who are equipped to engage with research and evidence based practice. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of focus group data from 120 senior midwifery students at six British universities to explore the experience of learning to be a midwife. Thematic analysis of the data suggests the following themes pertain to the experience of a number of students: 'teach yourself midwifery', knowing it all, right way of doing things, the importance of physical skills.

Supporting the midwifery practice-based curriculum: the role of the link lecturer.

Background: It is essential that Approved Education Institutions (AEIs) support practice learning to the education standards required by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2009). Evaluating whether midwife lecturers bring a unique contribution to the outcomes of preregistration midwifery education programmes was investigated through a national research project (Fraser et al., 2011).

Preparedness of newly qualified midwives to deliver clinical care: an evaluation of pre-registration midwifery education through an analysis of key events.

Objective: this study was part of a larger project commissioned to ascertain whether midwife teachers bring a unique contribution to the preparation of midwives for practice. The aim of this phase was to determine whether the student midwives' educational programme had equipped them to practise competently after entry to the professional register.

Design: this was a prospective, longitudinal qualitative study, using participant diaries to collect data.

'SINK or SWIM': the experience of newly qualified midwives in England.

Objective: To explore newly qualified midwives' and preceptors' view of the preceptorship period.

Design: Qualitative design utilising focus groups as a means of collecting data.

Setting: Hospital trusts partnered with three Universities in England.

Investigating multitasking in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders using the Virtual Errands Task.

Using a modified version of the Virtual Errands Task (VET; McGeorge et al. in Presence-Teleop Virtual Environ 10(4):375-383, 2001), we investigated the executive ability of multitasking in 18 high-functioning adolescents with ASD and 18 typically developing adolescents. The VET requires multitasking (Law et al.

Practice improvement, breastfeeding duration and health visitors.

The primary purpose of practice improvement is to improve clinical practice through changing the behaviour of healthcare professionals. Breastfeeding is a key public health issue, conferring benefits associated with both infant and maternal health, yet breastfeeding rates in the U.K.

"There are guiding hands and there are controlling hands": student midwives experience of mentorship in the UK.

Objective: to explore student midwives' experience and views on the role of the mentor in practice, and to survey perceptions of the qualities required for mentorship.

Design: qualitative longitudinal cohort study using focus groups.

Setting: an academic division of midwifery at a university in the East Midlands region of the UK.

A study exploring UK midwives' knowledge and attitudes towards caring for women who have been sexually abused.

Objective: to investigate midwives' knowledge and attitudes in relation to caring for women who have been sexually abused.

Design: survey using a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire looked at midwives' knowledge and attitudes towards a range of aspects of sexuality and childbirth.

Perceptions of motherhood: The effect of experience and knowledge on midwifery students.

Objective: to explore the factors that influence student midwives' constructs of childbearing, before and during their undergraduate midwifery programme.

Design: a naturalistic, qualitative study.

Setting: a university in the East Midlands, UK.

What are the essential competencies required of a midwife at the point of registration?

Objective: to identify the essential competencies required of a midwife at the point of registration.

Design: qualitative, descriptive, extended case study and depth interviews.

Setting: pre-registration midwifery education in England.

Presenting and discussing nuchal translucency screening for fetal abnormality in the UK.

Objective: to investigate the relationship between information giving by midwives and decision-making by women offered nuchal translucency (NT) screening. To establish how risk figures are discussed in practice, with the intention of relating this to the existing, and often critical, literature on women's accounts of antenatal screening.

Design: a qualitative study following women through the process of being offered and deciding to undergo NT screening.

Evaluation of a formative interprofessional team objective structured clinical examination (ITOSCE): a method of shared learning in maternity education.

Shared learning at undergraduate level provides a potential means of promoting a more multi-professional approach to maternity care. Interprofessional education uses shared interactive sessions to promote different professional groups' understanding of each other and working together. This paper describes the use of a formative objective structured clinical examination as a method of interprofessional education.

Strategies for interprofessional education: the Interprofessional Team Objective Structured Clinical Examination for midwifery and medical students.

This paper provides an overview of the processes involved in implementing an interprofessional education (IPE) strategy in a recently established School of Human Development at the University of Nottingham. The merger of the academic divisions of child health, midwifery, obstetrics and gynaecology was a deliberate initiative to create an organisational infrastructure intended to enhance opportunities for interprofessional collaborations in research and education. As a first step, a small group of academic midwives and obstetricians formed a project group to find the best way of facilitating IPE for medical and midwifery students at undergraduate level.