Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) performed with the extraperitoneal (EP) technique (RASP-EP) minimizes the risk of bowel injury, particularly when bowel adhesions may be expected to be prominent, by negating the need to be in the transperitoneal space. However, there is a perception of its technical difficulty owing to the limited space that can be expanded within the space of Retzius. We aimed to describe, in the accompanying video, the step-by-step approach for a technically proficient procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: To determine the use of prophylactic intravesical chemotherapy (pIVC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and barriers to utilization in a survey study of urologic oncologists.
Methods: A survey instrument was constructed, which queried respondents on professional experience, practice environment, pIVC use, and reasons for not recommending pIVC when applicable. The survey was electronically distributed to members of the Society of Urologic Oncology over an 8-week period.
Infect Drug Resist
July 2016
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in male patients and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in males. To confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer, an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy is necessary to obtain prostate tissue sufficient for histologic analysis by pathologists. Ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy can be accomplished via a transperineal or transrectal approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurogenesis requires mechanisms that coordinate early cell-fate decisions, migration, and terminal differentiation. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor, repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST), regulates radial migration and the timing of neural progenitor differentiation during neocortical development, and that the regulation is contingent upon differential REST levels. Specifically, a sustained presence of REST blocks migration and greatly delays--but does not prevent--neuronal differentiation, resulting in a subcortical band heterotopia-like phenotype, reminiscent of loss of doublecortin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCeramide engagement in apoptotic pathways has been a topic of controversy. To address this controversy, we tested loss-of-function (lf) mutants of conserved genes of sphingolipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although somatic (developmental) apoptosis was unaffected, ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis of germ cells was obliterated upon inactivation of ceramide synthase and restored upon microinjection of long-chain natural ceramide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulation of neuronal gene expression is critical to central nervous system development. Here, we show that REST regulates the transitions from pluripotent to neural stem/progenitor cell and from progenitor to mature neuron. In the transition to progenitor cell, REST is degraded to levels just sufficient to maintain neuronal gene chromatin in an inactive state that is nonetheless poised for expression.
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