Clinical and Pathologic Features Associated With Invasive Breast Carcinoma With 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists In Situ Hybridization Group 2 Results (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 [HER2]/Chromosome 17 Centromere [CEP17] Ratio ≥2.0 and Average HER2 Copy Number <4.0).

Context.—: The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists updated the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) breast carcinoma testing guideline in 2018 to address issues from uncommon HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results. Based on the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline, cases wherein the HER2/chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) ratio of 2.

Pseudofungi in an Immunocompromised Patient with Breast Cancer and COVID-19.

Herein, we present a case of a male patient with breast cancer and a recent history of COVID-19 pneumonia, diagnosed with pseudofungi on pathological examination of lymph nodes after mastectomy. Pseudofungi are septate hyphae-like structures that morphologically mimic fungal elements despite the absence of true mycosis and thus predispose to overtreatment if not properly identified. We report a review of similar cases involving this diagnostic mimicker in the literature.

Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Prevents Premalignant Lesions from Progressing to Cancer.

Early detection and timely treatment of precancerous lesions are hallmarks of successful strategies to prevent deaths due to cancer. Oncolytic viruses are a group of promising anti-cancer agents with wide-ranging experimental and clinical efficacy against solid tumors. Previously, we have shown that NV1066, an oncolytic herpes simplex-1 virus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein, selectively infects, replicates in, and kills various cancer types.

Data Set for the Reporting of Carcinomas of the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting was established to internationally unify and standardize the pathologic reporting of cancers based on collected evidence, as well as to allow systematic data collection across institutions and countries to guide cancer care in the future. An expert panel was convened to identify the minimum data set of elements that should be included in cancer reporting from tumors of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Specifically, there has been a significant change in practice as a result of identifying oncogenic viruses, including human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus, because they preferentially affect the oropharynx and nasopharynx, respectively.

Data Set for the Reporting of Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head and Neck Tumors: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

Standardized, synoptic pathologic reporting for tumors greatly improves communication among clinicians, patients, and researchers, supporting prognostication and comparison about patient outcomes across institutions and countries. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to develop evidence-based, universally available surgical pathology reporting data sets. Within the head and neck region, lymph node excisions and neck dissections are frequently performed as part of the management of head and neck cancers arising from the mucosal sites (sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx) along with bone tumors, skin cancers, melanomas, and other tumor categories.

Genomic Alterations in Fatal Forms of Non-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Identification of and as Novel Thyroid Cancer Genes Associated with Tumor Virulence.

Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have a very high death rate. In contrast, deaths from non-anaplastic thyroid (NAT) cancer are much less common. The genetic alterations in fatal NAT cancers have not been reported.

Giant cystic degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Objective: To report the management of a large uterine leiomyoma with diffuse cystic degeneration in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Design: Case Report.

Setting: Cleveland Clinic Florida, Department of Gynecology, Section of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic surgery, Weston Florida.

Association between Hyperprolactinemia and Granulomatous Mastitis.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a relatively uncommon inflammatory breast lesion with multiple suggested etiologies. Although most GM cases show association with lactation and pregnancy, a minority of cases have been linked to hyperprolactinemia caused by either dopamine antagonist medications or with intracranial lesions, such as pituitary adenoma. The goal of this study is to review the GM cases reported in the literature with a specific emphasis on those cases associated with hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas and to identify cases of GM seen at the Cleveland Clinic Florida which demonstrate co-occurrences of GM and intracranial lesions.

Influence of extracapsular nodal spread extent on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: An objective definition of clinically relevant extracapsular nodal spread (ECS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unavailable.

Methods: Pathologic review of 245 pathologically positive oral cavity SCC neck dissection specimens was performed. The presence/absence of ECS, its extent (in millimeters), and multiple nodal and primary tumor risk factors were related to disease-specific survival (DSS) at a follow-up of 73 months.

Undetectable Thyroglobulin Levels in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Free of Macroscopic Disease After Initial Treatment: Are They Useful?

Background: Predictive role of undetectable thyroglobulin (Tg) in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is unclear. Our goal was to report on Tg levels following total thyroidectomy and adjuvant RAI in PDTC patients and to correlate Tg levels with recurrence.

Methods: Forty patients with PDTC with no distant metastases at presentation (M0) and managed by total thyroidectomy and adjuvant RAI were identified from a database of 91 PDTC patients.

Variation in infection prevention practices in dialysis facilities: results from the national opportunity to improve infection control in ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease) project.

OBJECTIVE To observe patient care across hemodialysis facilities enrolled in the National Opportunity to Improve Infection Control in ESRD (end-stage renal disease) (NOTICE) project in order to evaluate adherence to evidence-based practices aimed at prevention of infection. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Thirty-four hemodialysis facilities were randomly selected from among 772 facilities in 4 end-stage renal disease participating networks. Facility selection was stratified on dialysis organization affiliation, size, socioeconomic status, and urban/rural status.

Craniofacial surgery for esthesioneuroblastoma: report of an international collaborative study.

Introduction Impact of treatment and prognostic indicators of outcome are relatively ill-defined in esthesioneuroblastomas (ENB) because of the rarity of these tumors. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of craniofacial resection (CFR) on outcome of ENB. Patients and Methods Data on 151 patients who underwent CFR for ENB were collected from 17 institutions that participated in an international collaborative study.

Dr. Andrew Huvos (1934-2006) retrospective: a tribute to the pathologist and the man.

Andrew G. Huvos was born in communist Budapest, Hungary, in March of 1934. At twenty-four he immigrated to New York City, working as a cytotechnologist at Delafield Hospital.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting with gross extrathyroidal extension: 1986-2009 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

Purpose: To describe the outcome of patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) presenting with gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE).

Materials And Methods: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of thyroid cancer patients treated by primary surgical resection with or without adjuvant therapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1986 to 2009. Out of 91 PDTC patients, 27 (30%) had gross ETE (T4a), and they formed the basis of our study.

Long-term regional control and survival in patients with "low-risk," early stage oral tongue cancer managed by partial glossectomy and neck dissection without postoperative radiation: the importance of tumor thickness.

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of locoregional failure in patients with low-risk, early stage oral tongue squamous cell cancer (OTSCC) who undergo partial glossectomy and ipsilateral elective neck dissection without receiving postoperative radiation.

Methods: A combined database of patients with OTSCC who received treatment at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Princess Margaret Cancer Center from 1985 to 2005 was established. In total, 164 patients with pathologic T1-T2N0 OTSCC who underwent partial glossectomy and ipsilateral elective neck dissection without postoperative radiation were identified.

A phase 2 study of bevacizumab with cisplatin plus intensity-modulated radiation therapy for stage III/IVB head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Background: For patients with stage III through IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), concurrent high-dose cisplatin plus radiation therapy is a widely accepted standard of care. HNSCC tumors that express high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor have been associated with a worse prognosis, and bevacizumab may sensitize tumors to cisplatin and radiation.

Methods: Planned treatment consisted of definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (total, 70 grays) with concurrent cisplatin (50 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, 22, 23, 43, and 44) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg on days 1, 22, and 43).

Correlation of a priori DCE-MRI and (1)H-MRS data with molecular markers in neck nodal metastases: Initial analysis.

The aim of the present study is to correlate non-invasive, pretreatment biological imaging (dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI [DCE-MRI] and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy [(1)H-MRS]) findings with specific molecular marker data in neck nodal metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Pretreatment DCE-MRI and (1)H-MRS were performed on neck nodal metastases of 12 patients who underwent surgery. Surgical specimens were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays for: Ki-67 (reflecting cellular proliferation), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (the "endogenous marker" of tumor vessel growth), carbonic anhydrase (CAIX), hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α), and human papillomavirus (HPV).

Viable tumor in postchemoradiation neck dissection specimens as an indicator of poor outcome.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of viable tumor in postchemoradiation neck dissection specimens in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngopharynx.

Methods: Retrospective analysis identified 181 patients treated with primary concurrent chemoradiation for carcinoma of the laryngopharynx at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between the years 1995 and 2005. Of these, 56 patients had a comprehensive neck dissection either as a planned or salvage procedure.

Tissue microarray evidence of association between p16 and phosphorylated eIF4E in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Expression of p16 is a marker for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine if p16 immunoreactivity is associated with aberrant expression of components of the PI3 kinase pathway.

Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed for 46 archived tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma specimens.

Functional vagal paraganglioma: a case report illustrating diagnosis and management.

We report a case of functional vagal paraganglioma to illustrate the biochemical and radiological imaging tests important in diagnosis and to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach to manage the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative effects of catecholamine secretion from these tumors.

A histologic and immunohistochemical study describing the diversity of tumors classified as sinonasal high-grade nonintestinal adenocarcinomas.

Nonintestinal sinonasal adenocarcinomas (SNACs) are somewhat poorly characterized and high-grade nonintestinal SNACs have been only rarely reported. Here, we review our experience with these tumors. Twenty-seven cases of high-grade nonintestinal SNACs were identified from 22 men and 5 women.

Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a rare second malignancy in long term retinoblastoma survivors.

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary cancer of the eye in children. The incidence of second tumors in survivors of bilateral retinoblastoma and in survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma who presumably carry a germline RB1 mutation is documented. This article describes the previously unrecognized association of sinonasal adenocarcinoma as a second malignancy in retinoblastoma survivors.

Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Background: Saracatinib (AZD0530) is an orally available Src kinase inhibitor. A phase II study was conducted to evaluate saracatinib in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Patients And Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, phase II study.

Parathyroid pathology: hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid tumors.

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting. Parathyroid adenomas are common, unlike other parathyroid tumors. This review presents a brief summary of current updates in parathyroid pathology.

A phase 2 study of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine every 2 weeks for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Background: Preclinical studies suggest that additive or synergistic effects are achieved with the combination of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine. A phase 1 study of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine given every 2 weeks demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacy against head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Methods: This was an open-label, single-institution, single-arm, phase 2 study for patients who had received no more than 2 cytotoxic regimens for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC.