Metal in biological samples from electronic cigarette users and those exposed to their second-hand aerosol: a narrative review.

Introduction: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are gradually becoming more popular, particularly, among today's youth. Despite being marketed as safe by the tobacco industry, the notable absence of regulation in their composition is evident. Both the generated fluids and aerosol exhibit a wide variety of substances that are not yet fully identified.

Use of anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To answer questions related to the use of anticoagulants in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials comparing the use of anticoagulants in non-hospitalized and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.

Relative procedure intensity with self-referral and radiologist referral: extremity radiography.

Purpose: To compare the relative use of bilateral versus unilateral extremity radiographic examinations when patients are referred to radiologists for imaging (radiologist referred) versus when studies are performed in the referring physician's office (self-referred).

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 1 year of claims data for extremity radiographic examinations performed by a referring physician or referred to a radiology facility and claims data for related patient office visits. Data were analyzed for orthopedics, podiatry, and rheumatology, and data were divided by the practice pattern of the referring physician into pure self-referring, pure radiologist-referring, and mixed-referring categories.