Portable acuity screening for any school: validation of patched HOTV with amblyopic patients and Bangerter normals.

Background: We needed to validate and calibrate our portable acuity screening tools so amblyopia could be detected quickly and effectively at school entry.

Methods: Spiral-bound flip cards and download pdf surround HOTV acuity test box with critical lines were combined with a matching card. Amblyopic patients performed critical line, then threshold acuity which was then compared to patched E-ETDRS acuity.

Calibration and validation of the 2WIN photoscreener compared to the PlusoptiX S12 and the SPOT.

Purpose: Pediatricians are interested in the amblyopia detection ability of photoscreeners, whereas ophthalmologists ponder their value as autorefractors. The 2WIN (Adaptica, Padova, Italy) is a new device capable of estimating refractive error and ocular alignment by infrared photoscreening.

Methods: Sequential pediatric eye patients with a high (56% to 60%) prescreening prevalence of amblyopia risk factors were screened with the PlusoptiX S12 (PlusoptiX, Inc.

Performance of four new photoscreeners on pediatric patients with high risk amblyopia.

Purpose: A new study by the American Academy of Pediatrics touts the benefits of photoscreening, especially in preverbal children who cannot yet perform monocular acuity screening. Emerging devices have not been compared in young and developmentally challenged children.

Methods: Consecutive patients in a pediatric eye practice had a comprehensive eye examination and four photoscreens: PlusoptiX (PlusoptiX, Nuremburg, Germany), SPOT (PediaVision, Lake Mary, FL), iScreen (iScreen, Memphis, TN), and the GoCheckKids application (Gobiquity, Aliso Viejo, CA) for the iPhone 4s (Apple, Cupertino, CA) with Delta Center Crescent interpretation.

Pediatric photoscreeners in high risk patients 2012: a comparison study of Plusoptix, Iscreen and SPOT.

Background: New photoscreening models promise to detect amblyopia risk factors early in hopes of reducing permanent pediatric monocular and binocular vision impairment. The 3 commercially available interpreted photoscreeners had not yet been compared.

Methods: This is a prospective, observational screening study following AAPOS guidelines on pediatric patients with and without developmental delays.

Predictive value from pediatrician plusoptix screening: impact of refraction and binocular alignment.

Background: The positive predictive value (PPV) of conventional preschool acuity screening is about 50% whereas previous Polaroid photoscreening with experienced interpretation can achieve PPV greater than 85%. The Plusoptix photoscreener has immediate computer interpretation and a CPT code available to pediatricians.

Methods: Two Plusoptix SO9 were used in two pediatric group practices with previously validated refractive criteria and new manufacturer's binocular alignment criteria.

Overcoming barriers to pediatric visual acuity screening through education plus provision of materials.

Purpose: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that LEA and HOTV optotypes be used for vision screening and that adhesive tape be used to occlude one eye during testing. We have developed an educational program designed to improve the quality and efficiency of vision screening. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of this program.

Tent photoscreening and patched HOTV visual acuity by school nurses: validation of the ASD-ABCD protocol. (Anchorage School District- Alaska Blind Child Discovery program).

Background: Novel objective tests of risk factors for amblyopia offer an alternative for preschool vision screening. We compared the merits of photoscreening versus portable patched acuity testing in elementary schools. Photoscreening may outperform routine acuity testing in pediatric offices; however, both have fairly good validity when performed by specialists in preschool vision screening.

Preverbal photoscreening for amblyogenic factors and outcomes in amblyopia treatment: early objective screening and visual acuities.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that infant photoscreening yields better results than visual acuity screening in preschool-aged children. With conventional vision screening, the patient must be able to provide monocular visual acuity cooperation, whereas objective screening for amblyogenic factors can be done at much younger ages.

Methods: From February 1996 through February 2006, Alaska Blind Child Discovery photoscreened 21,367 rural and urban Alaskan children through grade 2, with an 82% positive predictive value (ie, true number of those referred); 6.

Predictive value of inexpensive digital eye and vision photoscreening: "PPV of ABCD".

Purpose: Some consumer digital cameras have short flash to lens distances (dimensions) ideal for photoscreening so we adopted them into an ongoing Alaska state wide vision screening program, the Alaska Blind Child Discovery (ABCD) Project.

Methods: Digital cameras with short flash-lens distance were employed by lay screeners trained by a DVD movie. Confirmatory eye examinations by AAPOS (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus) criteria were sought from eye doctors.

Amblyopia detection by camera: Gateway to portable, inexpensive vision screening (calibration and validation of inexpensive, pocket-sized photoscreeners).

Background: Photoscreening can allow early detection of amblyopia. The Gateway DV-S20, and similar models of miniature, digital flash cameras, have similar optical dimensions to existing photoscreeners for less than $200.

Methods: These cameras were calibrated on known, threshold amblyogenic refractive errors induced by placing minus and toric contact lenses on a normal subject's left eye.

The cost and yield of photoscreening: impact of photoscreening on overall pediatric ophthalmic costs.

Background: Approximately 5% of preschool-age children suffer from amblyopia. Many of them have high or unequal hyperopia. Amblyogenic risk factors frequently can be detected by photoscreening.

The Receiver-Operator Curve for Flip-Card Surround HOTV in Younger School Children: Validation of a Simple Flip Card for School Acuity Testing.

Background: The AAP vision screening guidelines are not uniformly delivered. Moderate amblyopia can be successfully treated in children 7 years of age and older. The ideal method and threshold of vision and/or acuity testing in school is not known.

Duration and effect of single-dose atropine: paralysis of accommodation in penalization treatment of functional amblyopia.

Background And Purpose: Atropine dilates the pupil and paralyzes the ciliary muscle accommodation, blurring vision, and therefore is an effective penalization of the sound eye in the treatment of functional amblyopia of the other eye. The degree of blur induced is a function of the amount of the patient's uncorrected hyperopia and the distance from the eye of the viewed material or object. Another factor determining effectiveness of atropine penalization is the duration of the effect of the atropine.