Feasibility analysis of using patient-derived tumour organoids for treatment decision guidance in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Current treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Despite aggressive multimodal approaches, tumour recurrence occurs in 40-60 % of cases, leading to poor survival outcomes. HNSCC lacks common genetic drivers for tailored therapies, and reliable biomarkers for treatment selection are scarce.