Folate receptor and human reduced folate carrier expression in HepG2 cell line exposed to fumonisin B1 and folate deficiency.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) induces apoptosis and decreases the cellular uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Two folate transporters (folate receptor, FR, and Reduced Folate Carrier, hRFC1) are involved in the cell uptake of folate. We aimed to study whether FB1 modifies the expression of the FR and the hRFC1 and whether its apoptotic effect is influenced by folate.

In vitro biosorption of ochratoxin A on the yeast industry by-products: comparison of isotherm models.

Biosorption of ochratoxin A (OA) onto yeast biomass appears to be a reasonably low cost decontamination method. In vitro adsorption of OA onto three yeast industry by-products: a vinasse containing yeast cell walls (EX16), a purified yeast beta-glucan (BETA) and a yeast cell wall fraction (LEC) was examined at 25 degrees C. Seven classical adsorption models were tested to provide the best description of toxin adsorption.

Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of ochratoxin A, an update.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of two genera: Penicillium and Aspergillus. OTA has been shown to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic to several species of animals and to cause kidney and liver tumours in mice and rats. Because of differences in the physiology of animal species, wide variations are seen in the toxicokinetic patterns of absorption, distribution and elimination of the toxin.