Repeated administration of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine results in impaired motor and cognitive behavior and differential expression of hippocampal P2X1 and P2X7 receptors in adult mice.

Ketamine hydrochloride serves multiple purposes, including its use as a general anesthetic, treatment for depression, and recreational drug. In studies involving rodents, ketamine is utilized as a model for schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether age affects the behavioral response induced by repeated ketamine administration and if it modifies the expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and purinergic receptors (P2X1, P2X4, P2X7).

A detailed quantitative analysis of circulating T peripheral and follicular helper lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction And Objective: Peripheral and follicular helper T lymphocytes (Tph and Tfh, respectively) have an important role in B cell immune responses and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although several studies on the number of Tph and Tfh cells in these conditions have been published, different phenotypes have been employed for their analysis. In this study, we assessed the levels and function of Tph and Tfh cells in blood samples from patients with RA and SLE by using an extended immunophenotype.

Function and expression of N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 are altered in lymphocytes in type 2 diabetes and obesity.

The cytosolic enzymes N-Acetyl Transferases 1 and 2 (NATs) transfer an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to a xenobiotic substrate. NATs are regulated at the genetic and epigenetic levels by deacetylase enzymes such as sirtuins. The enzymatic expression of NAT1, NAT2, and SIRT1 was evaluated by flow cytometry, as well as the enzymatic activity of NATs by cell culture and HPLC analysis.

Clinical Significance of the Lipid Profile Ratios and Triglyceride Glucose Index in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathophysiological condition defined by a set of metabolic alterations such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, low HDL-c levels, and visceral obesity. Its presence identifies people with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes; however, the lack of practical and reliable methods for its diagnosis limits the identification of people with this condition. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic utility of markers derived from the lipid profile [triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the ratios total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG)/HDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-c, fasting blood glucose (FBG)/HDL-c, and white blood cell/HDL-c] in the determination of MetS.

miR-21, miR-221, miR-29 and miR-34 are distinguishable molecular features of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in young adults.

Discrepancies between the measurement of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status have been described for the onset of metabolic diseases. Studying novel biomarkers, some of which are associated with metabolic syndrome, can help us to understand the differences between metabolic health (MetH) and BMI. A group of 1469 young adults with pre-specified anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were selected.

Dynamical changes in the expression of GABAergic and purinergic components occur during the polarization of THP-1 monocytes to proinflammatory macrophages.

The monocytes are key components of innate immunity, as they can differentiate into phagocytic cells or macrophages with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), two known neurotransmitters, are two environmental signals that contribute to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and their subsequent polarization into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Although monocytes and macrophages express proteins related to GABA and ATP-mediated response (GABAergic and purinergic systems, respectively), it is unknown whether changes in their expression occur during monocyte activation or their differentiation and polarization into macrophages.

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) in childhood obesity: association with gene expression of RAGE and cardiometabolic markers.

Introduction: advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interact with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Full-length RAGE is associated with intracellular signal transduction, and soluble-RAGE (sRAGE) lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, acting as a competitive inhibitor of AGEs-RAGE binding. sRAGE levels in healthy children are associated with cell surface expression of RAGE.

A systematic review of the protein composition of whole saliva in subjects with healthy periodontium compared with chronic periodontitis.

Context: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease linked to oral microbiota dysbiosis. This disease progresses to infection that stimulates a host immune/inflammatory response, with progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures.

Objective: This systematic review aims to present a robust critical evaluation of the evidence of salivary protein profiles for identifying oral diseases using proteomic approaches and summarize the use of these approaches to diagnose chronic periodontitis.

Altered Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 and miR-1290 Levels in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Pilot Study.

Background/aim: Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) are drug-metabolizing enzymes that play a key role in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Materials And Methods: This study evaluated NAT1 and NAT2 mRNA and protein expression and their enzymatic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with ALL (n=20) and healthy children (n=19) and explored the mechanisms that regulate these enzymes in ALL such as microRNAs (miR-1290, miR-26b) and SNPs.

Results: PBMC from patients with ALL showed a decrease in NAT1 mRNA and protein expression.

Revealing the contribution of astrocytes to glutamatergic neuronal transmission.

Research on glutamatergic neurotransmission has focused mainly on the function of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, leaving astrocytes with a secondary role only to ensure successful neurotransmission. However, recent evidence indicates that astrocytes contribute actively and even regulate neuronal transmission at different levels. This review establishes a framework by comparing glutamatergic components between neurons and astrocytes to examine how astrocytes modulate or otherwise influence neuronal transmission.

Differential Expression of in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in Response to Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mexican Women.

The exposure to air pollutants causes significant damage to health, and inefficient cooking and heating practices produce high levels of household air pollution, including a wide range of health-damaging pollutants such as fine particles, carbon monoxide and PAHs. The exposure to PAHs has been associated with the development of neoplastic processes, asthma, genotoxicity, altered neurodevelopment and inflammation. The effects on the induction of proinflammatory cytokines are attributed to the activation of .

The role of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in chronic degenerative diseases: Their possible function in the immune system.

Since their discovery, arylamine N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2, respectively) have been associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics. NAT2 is the main factor in the therapeutic success of tuberculosis treatment due to its role in the biotransformation of isoniazid. However, researchers have started to investigate the possible participation of NAT1 and NAT2 (NATs) in carcinogenesis, although the mechanisms have not been elucidated fully.

Implementation and evaluation of an educational intervention to prevent risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases in Mexican families of suburban communities.

Non-communicable diseases (NCD), are not transmitted from person to person, are long-lasting and usually of slow evolution. Worldwide cause 71% deaths, in Mexico during 2016 were the cause of 80% of registered deaths; population in socioeconomic disadvantage is more vulnerable. It is urgent to develop strategies that can prevent NCD, thus, the objective of this study was to design, implement and evaluate an educational intervention strategy (EI), to prevent and control risk factors for the development NCD in families of two vulnerable communities.

An Analysis COVID-19 in Mexico: a Prediction of Severity.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a mild illness in most cases; forecasting COVID-19-associated mortality and the demand for hospital beds and ventilators are crucial for rationing countries' resources.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in Mexico and to develop and validate a score to predict severity in patients with COVID-19 infection in Mexico.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Changes in PPAR-γ Expression Are Associated with microRNA Profiles during Fetal Programming due to Maternal Overweight and Obesity.

Background: There has been a global increase in the prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in recent years. Animal studies have shown that intrauterine environment associated with maternal obesity leads to epigenetic changes. However, the effects of epigenetic changes occurring before birth in response to maternal conditions have not been clearly characterized in humans.

[Prevalence of prediabetes and its comorbidities in the Mexican pediatric population].

Background: prediabetes is a state observed before type-2 diabetes. Nowadays the obesity epidemic could be due to a rise in the incidence of prediabetes. Mexico has public policies for the management of non-communicable diseases.

Clinical utility of ABCB1 and ABCG2 genotyping for assessing the clinical and pathological response to FAC therapy in Mexican breast cancer patients.

Purpose: Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in some patients with locally advanced breast cancer remains one of the main obstacles to first-line treatment. We investigated clinical and pathological responses to FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Mexican women with breast cancer and their possible association with SNPs present in ABC transporters as predictors of chemoresistance.

Materials: A total of 102 patients undergoing FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study.

The analysis on the human protein domain targets and host-like interacting motifs for the MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV/CoV-2 infers the molecular mimicry of coronavirus.

The MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic viruses that can cause severe pneumonic diseases in humans. Unfortunately, there is a non-available effective treatment to combat these viruses. Domain-motif interactions (DMIs) are an essential means by which viruses mimic and hijack the biological processes of host cells.

Methotrexate Triglutamate as a Determinant of Clinical Response in Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pharmacokinetics and Dose Recommendation.

Methotrexate is the gold standard treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Once absorbed, it is internalized in cells, where glutamate residues are added to produce polyglutamated forms, which are responsible for the effect of methotrexate. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between methotrexate triglutamate concentrations and the clinical evolution in rheumatoid arthritis patients, as well as to characterize the variability in both features to propose strategies for low-dose methotrexate optimization.

Atmospheric Corrosion, Antibacterial Properties, and Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Two Different Routes.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely employed or incorporated into different materials in biological application, due to their antibacterial properties. Therefore, antimicrobial capacity and cytotoxicity have been highly studied. However, most of these reports do not consider the possible corrosion of the nanomaterials during their exposure to atmospheric conditions since AgNPs undergo a transformation when they come in contact with a particular environment.

Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Patients Associated With Changes in P2X7 and A2A Purinergic Receptors in CD8 T Lymphocytes.

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most frequent cancer type that afflicts women. Unfortunately, despite all the current therapeutic strategies, many patients develop chemoresistance hampering the efficacy of treatment. Hence, an early indicator of therapy efficacy might aid in the search for better treatment and patient survival.

Quantification of pyrazinamide, isoniazid, acetyl-isoniazid, and rifampicin by a high-performance liquid chromatography method in human plasma from patients with tuberculosis.

The aim of this study was to establish and validate an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of pyrazinamide, isoniazid, acetyl-isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma of patients under treatment for tuberculosis. The performed method was lineal (r > 0.99) in the range of 2.