Little is known about the skeletal muscle characteristics (fibre type proportion and size, location of nuclei, presence of fat infiltration) in children with liver disease with radiologically determined myopenia (low muscle mass). During liver transplantation (LTx) surgery, biopsies from the rectus abdominis muscle were collected. Muscle fibre types (I, I/IIA, IIA, IIA/X, IIX) and CSA index (µm/m2) were determined using immunofluorescence staining.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
December 2024
Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder that requires a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten-free (GF) foods are more expensive and less readily accessible than gluten-containing foods, contributing to an increased risk for food insecurity (FI). The study aimed to determine associations between GF-FI, sociodemographic risk factors and child dietary adherence and diet quality (DQ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The study examines the psychometric properties of the ADHD section of the semi-structured diagnostic interview ILF-EXTERNAL, which was conducted online via video chat.
Methods: As part of the INTEGRATE-ADHD research project, 202 children and adolescents (age = 12.87 years, = 3.
Purpose: Exercise-nutrient timing is of interest for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a potential method to optimize glycemic control. However, the optimal nutritional environment for exercise is not well understood over the long term. The Fasted Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes (FED) Trial compared 16 wk of fasted versus postprandial morning exercise on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Sarcopenia is common in children after liver transplantation (LTx). Resistance training (RT) may be effective in combating sarcopenia.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to test the feasibility and impact of a 12-week RT program on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength, physical performance (PP), and child-parent perspectives about RT.
Objective: Potassium-based sodium substitutes (PBSS) can be used to replace sodium during food processing. How potassium and sodium content is associated with PBSS is not known. The objectives of the study were to describe the prevalence of PBSS by sodium content claim category and describe how PBSS are associated with sodium and potassium concentrations by sodium level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinically, sarcopenia can be overlooked, especially in obesity. Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria include muscle mass (MM) and function assessments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care
November 2023
Purpose Of Review: Highlight the controversies and challenges associated with a sarcopenia diagnosis in infants and children and the potential physiological mechanisms contributing to this disorder.
Recent Findings: Sarcopenia has been recently identified in infants and children with chronic diseases such as liver, cardiac, gastrointestinal, cancer and organ transplant recipients. However, there is no consensus regarding the definition of pediatric sarcopenia.
Pediatr Transplant
December 2023
Background: In adult transplant (Tx) populations, exercise rehabilitation strategies may improve sarcopenia components (muscle mass [MM], strength [MS], and physical performance [PP]). Limited data are available regarding exercise rehabilitation therapy in pediatric Tx populations.
Methods: The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the feasibility and impact of exercise programs (EP) that include resistance exercise (RE) on markers of sarcopenia in pediatric Tx populations.
COVID-19 infection causes cognitive changes in the acute phase, but also after apparent recovery. Over fifty post (long)-COVID symptoms are described, including cognitive dysfunction ("brain fog") precluding return to pre-COVID level of function, with rates twice as high in females. Additionally, the predominant demographic affected by these symptoms is younger and still in the workforce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Physiol Nutr Metab
October 2023
Skeletal muscle morphology in healthy children changes with age. Liver disease may preferentially affect type II fibres in adults with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). More research is needed on the effects of ESLD on muscle morphology in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The frequency of phosphate additives reported in the United States Department of Agriculture Branded Foods Product Database and how these additives impact phosphate content is unknown.
Methods: All products included in the Branded Foods Product Database reporting phosphorus content were reviewed for presence of phosphate salts and/or lecithin additives.
Results: Phosphorus content information was available for 3,466 (1.
Background And Aims: Plant proteins may be restricted on low potassium/phosphorus diets. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of protein source on serum potassium and phosphate levels in adults with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), including hemodialysis (HD).
Methods And Results: Using a cross-sectional design, 24-h recalls or food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake.
Syndromic and non-syndromic obesity conditions in children, such as Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both lower quality of life and increase risk for chronic health complications, which further increase health service utilization and cost. In a pilot observational study, we compared body composition and muscle strength in children aged 7−18 years with either PWS (n = 9), NAFLD (n = 14), or healthy controls (n = 16). Anthropometric and body composition measures (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe importance of integrated movement behaviours (MB, i.e., physical activity [PA], sedentary behaviour, and sleep) and their interdependence for health has been recently discussed in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA gluten-free (GF) food guide for children and youth (4-18 years) living with celiac disease (CD) has been developed and extensively evaluated by stakeholders, including registered dietitians. A case study analysis was conducted on data from 16 households of youth with CD to examine how factors related to parental food literacy, the home food environment, and food purchasing patterns may influence food guide uptake by Canadian youth with CD and their families. Households were of higher socioeconomic status, parents had good food literacy, and the home food availability of fruits, vegetables and GF grains was diverse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is no specific diet quality tool recommended for adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Identifying how diet quality tools assess nutritional adequacy and correlate with potassium and phosphorus (nutrients of interest in CKD) is warranted. Our aim was to compare Mediterranean Diet Scores (MDS), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) to determine their correlation with nutrient intake in adults living with diabetes and CKD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The 2020 Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines recommend adjusting phosphorus intake to achieve and maintain normal serum phosphorus levels for adults living with chronic kidney disease. These guidelines also recommend considering the dietary source of phosphorus as different sources have different bioavailability; however, phosphorus food lists are not provided. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the current teaching materials in Canada regarding low phosphorus diet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cerebral glucose and insulin metabolism is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ketones provide alternative energy. Will medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, a nutritional source of ketones, impact cognition in AD?
Methods: This was a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, with 6-month open-label extension in probable AD subjects, on stable medications.
Ultraprocessed foods can be a source of potassium additives. Excess potassium consumption can lead to hyperkalemia. How frequently potassium additives are found in the food supply and how they impact potassium content is not well documented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere are currently no universal evidence-based nutrition guidelines that address the gluten-free (GF) diet for children/youth (4-18 years). A GF food guide was created to help children/youth with coeliac disease (CD) and their families navigate the complexities of following a GF diet. Guide formation was based on pre-guide stakeholder consultations and an evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo describe development, use and outcomes of a Home Healthcare (HHC) simulation experience. Quasi-experimental pre/posttest. Setting: A simulation center for nursing students (N = 108) completing an 8-hour simulation experience, followed by data collection on perceived benefits to their learning; and influence on their desire to work in HHC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLower phosphorus intake to prevent hyperphosphatemia for those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often recommended. Plant proteins are frequently restricted for their high phosphorus content despite having lower bioavailability. To summarize the evidence on protein type and dietary phosphorus intake, serum phosphate concentrations, and nutritional adequacy in adults with CKD, a search in MEDLINE via Ovid was conducted.
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