Population Estimates of Ovarian Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Background And Objective: The rationale for oophorectomy during female cystectomy is not adequately supported. The co-occurrence and timing of bladder cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) in females harboring OC germline mutations remain unclear. Our objective was to determine the frequency and temporal occurrence of OC germline variants among females with BC.

Clinical Performance of Technetium-99m-Sestamibi SPECT/CT Imaging in Differentiating Oncocytic Tumors From Renal Cell Carcinoma in Routine Clinical Practice.

Purpose: Technetium-99m-sestamibi single-photon emission CT/x-ray CT is an emerging clinical tool to differentiate oncocytic tumors from renal cell carcinomas. We report data from a large institutional cohort of patients who underwent technetium-99m-sestamibi scans during evaluation of renal masses.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent technetium-99m-sestamibi single-photon emission CT/x-ray CT between February 2020 and December 2021 were included in the analysis.

Association between RCT methodology and disease indication with mineralocorticoid-related toxicity for patients receiving abiraterone acetate for advanced prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of RCTs.

Introduction: While abiraterone acetate (AA) has demonstrated survival benefit in advanced prostate cancer (APC), meaningful cardiotoxicity is observed. It is unclear whether the magnitude differs based on disease indication and concurrent steroid administration.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II/III RCTs of AA in APC published as of August 11, 2020.

Sequential intravesical gemcitabine-docetaxel vs. bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis.

Introduction: Treatment naïve patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy as the standard of care. Recently, intravesical sequential gemcitabine-docetaxel in the BCG-naïve setting was shown to be well-tolerated and effective, raising the possibility of a new first line intravesical therapy. Cost effectiveness of this intervention remains unknown; therefore, we designed a cost effectiveness study evaluating BCG vs.

Cost of Bladder Cancer Care: A Single-center Comparison of Radical Cystectomy and Trimodal Therapy.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy and trimodal therapy are both accepted options in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. As such, we sought to evaluate the micro-level costs associated with both modalities.

Methods: All patients undergoing trimodal therapy or radical cystectomy for primary treatment of urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer at a single academic center between 2008 and 2012 were included.

Global Meta-analysis of Urine Microbiome: Colonization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacteria Among Bladder Cancer Patients.

Background: The application of next-generation sequencing techniques has enabled characterization of urinary tract microbiome. Although many studies have demonstrated associations between the human microbiome and bladder cancer (BC), these have not always reported consistent results, thereby necessitating cross-study comparisons. Thus, the fundamental questions remain how we can utilize this knowledge.

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the immuno-oncological therapy era.

Purpose Of Review: Cytoreductive nephrectomy has had a variable role in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through the different systemic therapy eras. Initially felt to be beneficial with interferon, the utility of cytoreductive nephrectomy was called into question in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. However, with the advent of immunotherapy for metastatic RCC, the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy continues to be debated.

The Phenomenon of "Therapeutic" Nodal Yield at Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Do Not Discount the Will Rogers Effect.

Unlabelled: While multiple mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the therapeutic effect of lymph node (LN) yield in patients with urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC), the effect of stage migration, commonly known as the Will Rogers effect, is often discounted. We reviewed the National Cancer Database for patients with UCC undergoing RC with pathologically node-negative (pN0) disease from 2004 to 2016. We tested for an adjusted association between LN yield and overall survival using multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models.

Female Sexual Function Following Radical Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: A clear and well-documented gender bias exists in the evaluation of sexual outcomes for women undergoing urologic surgery. Due to the anatomic template of anterior exenteration, women are commonly left with side effects that include sexual dysfunction and the perpetuated effects of surgical menopause.

Objectives: To present evaluation and treatment recommendations for female sexual dysfunction treatment and evaluation, in addition to surgical templates during radical cystectomy (RC).

Association of Surgeon-Patient Sex Concordance With Postoperative Outcomes.

Importance: Surgeon sex is associated with differential postoperative outcomes, though the mechanism remains unclear. Sex concordance of surgeons and patients may represent a potential mechanism, given prior associations with physician-patient relationships.

Objective: To examine the association between surgeon-patient sex discordance and postoperative outcomes.

Trimodal therapy vs. radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A Markov microsimulation model.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the historic gold standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), but trimodal therapy (TMT) has emerged as a valid therapeutic option for select patients. Given that prospective clinical trials have been difficult to perform in this area, our aim was to compare these two primary treatment strategies using decision analytic methods.

Method: A two-dimensional Markov microsimulation model was constructed using TreeAge Pro to compare RC and TMT for patients with newly diagnosed MIBC.

Assessment of gender representation in clinical trials leading to FDA approval for oncology therapeutics between 2014 and 2019: A systematic review-based cohort study.

Background: Ensuring representative data accrual in clinical trials is important to safeguard the generalizability of results and to minimize disparities in care. This study's goal was to evaluate differences in gender representation in trials leading to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cancer drug approvals.

Methods: An observational study was conducted from January 2014 to April 2019 using PubMed and the National Institutes of Health trials registry for primary trial reports.

Salvage interstitial laser thermal therapy under MRI guidance (MRgFLA) for high-intensity focal ultrasound (HIFU) recurrences: feasibility study.

While focal therapy (FT) is increasingly endorsed for treating localized prostate cancer in the appropriately selected patient, management of recurrences following FT is not well-established in the literature. This case series describes three patients who received high-intensity focal ultrasound (HIFU) for primary treatment followed by focal laser interstitial thermal therapy (FLTT) for salvage therapy treated in the context of an ongoing clinical trial. Evaluation of these reported patients demonstrates that FLTT is feasible in the salvage setting with promising short-term oncologic outcomes and with the potential to preserve functional outcomes.

Women as Authors of Randomized Controlled Trials of Minimally Invasive Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 3 Decades of Trials.

Background: Female authorship opportunities have lagged behind those of their male counterparts, with gender disparities most prominent in surgical specialties. Our objective was to determine trends of female first, last, and first or last authorships across time and surgical specialties and whether female first or last authorship was associated with journal impact factor.

Study Design: A systematic review of EMBASE (OvidSP), MEDLINE (OvidSP), and Cochrane (Wiley) databases from inception to December 22, 2017 was performed to identify all randomized controlled trials evaluating minimally invasive surgery vs classical surgical techniques.

Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Microsimulation Model.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is clinically understudied, and there are no definitive recommendations regarding timing of perioperative chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to compare 3 treatment pathways in UTUC: nephroureterectomy (NU) alone, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) using a microsimulation model.

Patients And Methods: An individual-level state transition model was constructed using TreeAgePro software to compare treatment strategies for patients with newly diagnosed UTUC.

Assessment of Secondary Sarcomas Among Patients With Cancer of the Abdomen or Pelvis Who Received Combinations of Surgery, Radiation, and Chemotherapy vs Surgery Alone.

Importance: The association of radiation and chemotherapy with the development of secondary sarcoma is known, but the contemporary risk has not been well characterized for patients with cancers of the abdomen and pelvis.

Objective: To compare the risk of secondary sarcoma among patients treated with combinations of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy with patients treated with surgery alone and the general population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study included 173 580 patients in Ontario, Canada, with nonmetastatic cancer of the prostate, bladder, colon, rectum or anus, cervix, uterus, or testis.

Re-operation within 30 days of radical cystectomy: Identifying high-risk patients and complications using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a highly morbid procedure, with 30-day complication rates approaching 31%. Our objective was to determine risk factors for re-operation within 30 days following a RC for non-metastatic bladder cancer.

Methods: We included all patients who underwent a RC for non-metastatic bladder cancer using The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014.

A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors in Non-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Among men with high-risk non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), we used network meta-analysis to compare non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAAs) and stratified class-level meta-analysis to identify subgroups with particular benefit from NSAAs with androgen deprivation therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of phase III parallel-group randomized controlled trials in adult men with nmCRPC. Primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS).