Pathologic Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Pediatric Versus Adult Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: Despite the rising incidence of pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), postoperative outcomes for such tumors have not been well-characterized. The objective of this study was to compare pathologic tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes for pediatric and adult patients with DTC.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Microbial Composition of the Laryngotracheal Region: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Microbiome research has predominantly focused on the oral cavity and oropharynx's role in disease, while the upper airway, specifically the larynx and trachea, has been relatively overlooked. Examining the microbial communities in these regions can shed light on how dysbiosis influences diseases and their management. This review evaluates laryngotracheal microbial compositions in both healthy and diseased patients.

Treatment discordance in the utilization of neck dissection for stage I-II supraglottic tumors.

Background: In 2018, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines began recommending the use of neck dissection during surgical management of stage I-II supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Methods: Trends and factors associated with the use of neck dissection during larynx-preserving surgery for patients with cT1-2, N0, M0 supraglottic LSCC in the National Cancer Database (2004-2020) were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.

Results: Of the 2080 patients who satisfied study eligibility criteria, 633 (30.

High-Resolution Profiling of Human Vocal Fold Cellular Landscapes With Single-Nuclei RNA Sequencing.

Introduction: The function of the vocal folds (VFs) is determined by the phenotype, abundance, and distribution of differentiated cells within specific microenvironments. Identifying this histologic framework is crucial in understanding laryngeal disease. A paucity of studies investigating VF cellular heterogeneity has been undertaken.

Head and Neck Cancer Patient Population, Management, and Oncologic Outcomes from the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated drastic changes in cancer care. Its impact on the U.S.

The Use of Deep Learning Software in the Detection of Voice Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To summarize the use of deep learning in the detection of voice disorders using acoustic and laryngoscopic input, compare specific neural networks in terms of accuracy, and assess their effectiveness compared to expert clinical visual examination.

Data Sources: Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central.

Review Methods: Databases were screened through November 11, 2023 for relevant studies.

Evaluating depth of invasion across oral cavity subsites as part of the AJCC 8th edition T staging criteria for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The prognostic impact of depth of invasion (DOI) in American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition TNM staging for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCCa) across oral cavity subsites is unknown.

Methods: Overall survival of patients with pT1-4a OCSCCa in the National Cancer Database (2010-2017), stratified by tumor size and DOI across eight oral cavity subsites, was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling.

Results: When stratified by tumor size ≤2 cm and >2 cm, DOI >5 mm and DOI >10 mm were only associated with worse overall survival, respectively, for tumors of the oral tongue (Tumor size ≤2 cm, DOI >5 mm v DOI ≤5 mm: HR: 1.

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring: Nuts and Bolts.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the laryngeal nerves has become an important tool for neck endocrine surgery. In this article, the authors review the current evidence behind its use in neck endocrine procedures. The subtypes of IONM, including intermittent IONM, continuous vagal IONM (vagal-CIONM), and laryngeal adductor reflex CIONM, will be discussed.

The impact of undergoing surgical margin evaluation during endoscopic surgery for early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The impact of evaluating versus not evaluating surgical margins for early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has not been evaluated.

Methods: Overall survival was compared between patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for cT1-2, N0, M0 LSCC and had surgical margins evaluated versus not evaluated versus unevaluable in the National Cancer Database (2010-2019) using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyses.

Results: 7597 patients met study eligibility criteria.

Validation of a 3D-Printed Percutaneous Injection Laryngoplasty Simulator: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Simulation may be a valuable tool in training laryngology office procedures on unsedated patients. However, no studies have examined whether existing awake procedure simulators improve trainee performance in laryngology. Our objective was to evaluate the transfer validity of a previously published 3D-printed laryngeal simulator in improving percutaneous injection laryngoplasty (PIL) competency compared with conventional educational materials with a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Standardized Behavioral Treatment Improves Chronic Cough.

Objectives: Neurogenic Laryngeal Hypersensitivity (NLH) refers to a constellation of upper airway symptoms thought to be caused by a disturbance in afferent and/or efferent neural pathways creating an exaggerated hypersensitive laryngeal response. There is evidence to support behavioral therapy as treatment for improving symptoms from laryngeal motor dysfunction to sensory disturbance. This study aims to determine if there is significant symptomatic improvement in patients with NLH who received non-pharmacologic behavioral treatment performed by trained SLPs.

Positive Predictive Value of Endoscopic Findings to Diagnose Vocal Fold Paresis.

Objective: Laryngoscopy corresponding with laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is essential in diagnosing vocal fold paresis. However, baseline asymmetry or other diseases oftentimes confound the exam, making diagnosis difficult. There is currently no agreed upon endoscopic criteria proven to reliably correlate with LEMG findings.

IncobotulinimtoxinA (Xeomin) for the treatment of adductor laryngeal dystonia: A prospective, open-label clinical trial.

Objectives: Demonstrate an understanding of incobotulinumtoxinA efficacy in the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Understand that incobotulinumtoxinA can successfully be used as an alternative to onabotulinumtoxinA and for secondary non-responders.

Methods: We conducted a prospective open-label trial from 2016 until 2019 regarding the use of incobotulinimtoxinA for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Applications of Telemedicine in Speech-Language Pathology: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with speech-language therapy televisits and to identify factors influencing the level of satisfaction.

Methods: Participants were recruited from an academic tertiary voice and swallowing center who had completed ≥1 telehealth session of speech-language therapy with a speech-language pathologist between March, 2020 and April, 2021. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS), a validated 7-item survey.

Management of Older Adults with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

Thirty percent of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are at least 70 years of age. This number continues to rise as life expectancy continues to increase. Still, older adults with HNSCC remain underrepresented in clinical trials, resulting in ambiguity on optimal management.

Long-term upper aerodigestive sequelae as a result of infection with COVID-19.

Objectives: Respiratory, voice, and swallowing difficulties after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may result secondary to upper airway disease from prolonged intubation or mechanisms related to the virus itself. We examined a cohort who presented with new laryngeal complaints following documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. We characterized their voice, airway, and/or swallowing symptoms and reviewed the clinical course of their complaints to understand how the natural history of these symptoms relates to COVID-19 infections.

Predictive values of static endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in adults.

Objective: Static endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (SEES) is an instrumental evaluation developed for in-office identification of patients who may benefit from a modified barium swallow study (MBSS). We aim to determine the predictive value of SEES for evaluating dysphagia.

Methods: A retrospective case series was performed on adults evaluated for dysphagia using SEES followed by MBSS at a single tertiary care center.

How can we make better decisions about dystonic voice management?

Purpose Of Review: The optimal diagnosis and management of dystonic voice disorders are rooted in the nuanced understanding of their phenomenology. Distinguishing between subtypes of vocal dystonia is challenging, not only because the audible and physical presentations of these dystonia's can seem similar, but also because there is a lack of scientific consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria for these conditions. To help improve the clinician's acumen we focus on outlining the classification of the top three neurological voice disorders, notably: spasmodic dysphonia, (2) spasmodic dysphonia with tremor, and essential tremor of the voice.

Bleomycin sclerotherapy following doxycycline lavage in the treatment of ranulas: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature.

Objective: A ranula is a mucus-filled salivary pseudocyst that forms in the floor of the mouth, commonly arising from the sublingual or submandibular salivary glands following obstruction or trauma. Complete excision of the injured gland and removal of the cyst content is the first-choice therapy, but has the potential for complications related to injury to nearby structures. As such, minimally invasive approaches such as percutaneous sclerotherapy have been investigated.

Enhancing Patient Experience in Office-Based Laryngology Procedures With Passive Virtual Reality.

Objectives: Virtual reality (VR) has been used as nonpharmacologic anxiolysis benefiting patients undergoing office-based procedures. There is little research on VR use in laryngology. This study aims to determine the efficacy of VR as anxiolysis for patients undergoing in-office laryngotracheal procedures.

Implementation of a 4-dimensional computed tomography protocol for parathyroid adenoma localization.

Purpose: To present the results of our implementation of a four-dimensional computed tomography- (4DCT) based parathyroid localization protocol for primary hyperparathyroidism at a safety net hospital.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism at Elmhurst Hospital Center from June 2016 - September 2019. Patients treated prior to the implementation of 4DCT during October 2018 served as historical controls for comparison.

Modernizing the Otolaryngology Referral Workflow: The Impact of Electronic Consultation.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine the impact of electronic consultation on the otolaryngology clinic workflow at our high-volume public hospital.

Study Design: Retrospective Observational Study.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational analysis study.

The Natural History of Vocal Fold Cysts.

Objective: To determine the natural history of vocal fold cysts, by undertaking a retrospective analysis of data from a single clinical institute.

Methods: All patients diagnosed with vocal fold cysts were identified from January 2006 to June 2018. A total of 87 patients that elected not to have surgery or who had an interval of observation greater than 90 days prior to surgical intervention were further analyzed.