Publications by authors named "Diana K Darnell"
Article Synopsis
- Heart rate can indicate how engaged students are during lectures, showing changes in their focus over time.
- A study of 42 medical school lectures found heart rates declined steadily throughout the class, while active learning sessions led to a temporary heart rate increase.
- This research suggests that while active learning is beneficial, it mainly relates to the activity itself rather than creating lasting engagement or improved attention afterward.
Article Synopsis
- In situ hybridization (ISH) technique enables researchers to see specific RNA sequences in embryos, which helps to study gene expression during development or after experimental changes.
- The use of short DNA probes with locked nucleic acid nucleotides (LNAs) enhances the detection of specific RNA variations, opening up new diagnostic options.
- The described methods focus on using 14-24 nt LNA-containing probes to identify moderately to highly expressed RNAs in chick embryos within the first five days of development, and the protocol can be adjusted for embryos from other vertebrate species.
FOXN1 is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors. FOXN1 is crucial for hair outgrowth and thymus differentiation in mammals. Unlike the thymus, which is found in all amniotes, hair is an epidermal appendage that arose after the last shared common ancestor between mammals and birds, and hair and feathers differ markedly in their differentiation and gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGEISHA (Gallus Expression In Situ Hybridization Analysis; http://geisha.arizona.edu) is an in situ hybridization gene expression and genomic resource for the chicken embryo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The forkhead transcription factor gene E1 (FOXE1) plays an important role in regulation of thyroid development, palate formation and hair morphogenesis in mammals. However, avian FOXE1 genes have not been characterized and as such, codon evolution of FOXE1 orthologs in a broader evolutionary context of mammals and birds is not known.
Results: In this study we identified the avian FOXE1 gene in chicken, turkey and zebra finch, all of which consist of a single exon.
Article Synopsis
- The Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLF) are important zinc finger proteins that play a role in activating and suppressing gene transcription, impacting various developmental processes.
- A comprehensive analysis of the chicken KLF gene family reveals fourteen identified KLF genes, including the confirmation that KLF1 is the true ortholog of KLF17 in other species.
- Expression studies show that KLFs 3, 7, 8, and 9 are widely expressed during embryonic development, while other KLFs like 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, and 17 have more restricted roles, indicating their specific functions in early development.
In situ hybridization is widely used to visualize transcribed sequences in embryos, tissues, and cells. For whole mount detection of mRNAs in embryos, hybridization with an antisense RNA probe is followed by visual or fluorescence detection of target mRNAs. A limitation of this approach is that a cDNA template of the target RNA must be obtained in order to generate the antisense RNA probe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelial cells in the atrioventricular canal of the heart undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form heart valves. We surveyed an on-line database (http://www.geisha.
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- * Researchers conducted a high-throughput study on chicken embryos, mapping the expression of 135 miRNA genes, including five that were previously unknown in chickens.
- * They found that 84 miRNAs were present before day 5 of embryo development, with many showing different expression levels; expression patterns were linked to specific cell types, organs, and developmental stages, establishing a basis for understanding miRNA functions in an amniote for the first time.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) attenuate gene expression by means of translational inhibition and mRNA degradation. They are abundant, highly conserved, and predicted to regulate a large number of transcripts. Several hundred miRNA classes are known, and many are associated with cell proliferation and differentiation.
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