Oncologic Safety and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is an alternative to skin-sparing mastectomy in appropriately selected patients. The aim of this study was to review our experience with NSM and to evaluate for oncologic safety.

Study Design: Patients who underwent NSM at our institution from September 2008 through August 2017 were identified after IRB approval.

Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the olfactory bulb of a rat model of neuroinflammation; insights into neurodegeneration?

This study examined inflammatory cell and cytokine production in brain tissue from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat model that mimics many of the neuropathologic changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases We also monitored the appearance of a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and circulating nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as an immune system-associated cells in a selected area of the brain, the olfactory lobe. The studies were based on the hypothesis that LPS treatment stimulates temporal changes within the brain and that these responses include immune cell recruitment, increased tissue levels of immune modulating cytokines and NO, as well as greater glial cell activation resulting in increased production of GDNF. As previously reported by other investigators, our animal model of systemic LPS treatment leads to an increase in the concentrations of circulating cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-Iβ, and IL-6, with a maximum response 6 h post LPS administration.