Association between RCT methodology and disease indication with mineralocorticoid-related toxicity for patients receiving abiraterone acetate for advanced prostate cancer: A meta-analysis of RCTs.

Introduction: While abiraterone acetate (AA) has demonstrated survival benefit in advanced prostate cancer (APC), meaningful cardiotoxicity is observed. It is unclear whether the magnitude differs based on disease indication and concurrent steroid administration.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase II/III RCTs of AA in APC published as of August 11, 2020.

Sequential intravesical gemcitabine-docetaxel vs. bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis.

Introduction: Treatment naïve patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy as the standard of care. Recently, intravesical sequential gemcitabine-docetaxel in the BCG-naïve setting was shown to be well-tolerated and effective, raising the possibility of a new first line intravesical therapy. Cost effectiveness of this intervention remains unknown; therefore, we designed a cost effectiveness study evaluating BCG vs.

Cost of Bladder Cancer Care: A Single-center Comparison of Radical Cystectomy and Trimodal Therapy.

Introduction: Radical cystectomy and trimodal therapy are both accepted options in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. As such, we sought to evaluate the micro-level costs associated with both modalities.

Methods: All patients undergoing trimodal therapy or radical cystectomy for primary treatment of urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer at a single academic center between 2008 and 2012 were included.

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the immuno-oncological therapy era.

Purpose Of Review: Cytoreductive nephrectomy has had a variable role in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through the different systemic therapy eras. Initially felt to be beneficial with interferon, the utility of cytoreductive nephrectomy was called into question in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era. However, with the advent of immunotherapy for metastatic RCC, the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy continues to be debated.

Association of Surgeon-Patient Sex Concordance With Postoperative Outcomes.

Importance: Surgeon sex is associated with differential postoperative outcomes, though the mechanism remains unclear. Sex concordance of surgeons and patients may represent a potential mechanism, given prior associations with physician-patient relationships.

Objective: To examine the association between surgeon-patient sex discordance and postoperative outcomes.

Assessment of gender representation in clinical trials leading to FDA approval for oncology therapeutics between 2014 and 2019: A systematic review-based cohort study.

Background: Ensuring representative data accrual in clinical trials is important to safeguard the generalizability of results and to minimize disparities in care. This study's goal was to evaluate differences in gender representation in trials leading to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cancer drug approvals.

Methods: An observational study was conducted from January 2014 to April 2019 using PubMed and the National Institutes of Health trials registry for primary trial reports.

Women as Authors of Randomized Controlled Trials of Minimally Invasive Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 3 Decades of Trials.

Background: Female authorship opportunities have lagged behind those of their male counterparts, with gender disparities most prominent in surgical specialties. Our objective was to determine trends of female first, last, and first or last authorships across time and surgical specialties and whether female first or last authorship was associated with journal impact factor.

Study Design: A systematic review of EMBASE (OvidSP), MEDLINE (OvidSP), and Cochrane (Wiley) databases from inception to December 22, 2017 was performed to identify all randomized controlled trials evaluating minimally invasive surgery vs classical surgical techniques.

Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Microsimulation Model.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is clinically understudied, and there are no definitive recommendations regarding timing of perioperative chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to compare 3 treatment pathways in UTUC: nephroureterectomy (NU) alone, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) using a microsimulation model.

Patients And Methods: An individual-level state transition model was constructed using TreeAgePro software to compare treatment strategies for patients with newly diagnosed UTUC.

Assessment of Secondary Sarcomas Among Patients With Cancer of the Abdomen or Pelvis Who Received Combinations of Surgery, Radiation, and Chemotherapy vs Surgery Alone.

Importance: The association of radiation and chemotherapy with the development of secondary sarcoma is known, but the contemporary risk has not been well characterized for patients with cancers of the abdomen and pelvis.

Objective: To compare the risk of secondary sarcoma among patients treated with combinations of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy with patients treated with surgery alone and the general population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study included 173 580 patients in Ontario, Canada, with nonmetastatic cancer of the prostate, bladder, colon, rectum or anus, cervix, uterus, or testis.

A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors in Non-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Among men with high-risk non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), we used network meta-analysis to compare non-steroidal anti-androgens (NSAAs) and stratified class-level meta-analysis to identify subgroups with particular benefit from NSAAs with androgen deprivation therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review of phase III parallel-group randomized controlled trials in adult men with nmCRPC. Primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS).

Abiraterone vs. docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A microsimulation model.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with abiraterone acetate (AA) or ADT with docetaxel chemotherapy (DC) resulted in improved quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) among men with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) and the cost effectiveness of the preferred strategy using decision analytic techniques.

Methods: A microsimulation model with a lifetime time horizon was constructed. Our primary outcome was QALYs.

Androgen deprivation therapy: indications, methods of utilization, side effects and their management.

Our objective is to provide an up-to-date summary of current literature on the indications for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), ways in which ADT is used, and the main side effects associated with its use. MEDLINE (Pubmed) was searched for relevant papers published from database inception to May 1, 2019 for studies evaluating the use of ADT and its associated adverse events. ADT is a mainstay in the treatment of prostate cancer and is used throughout the disease course.