3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole Limits the Oxidative Damage in UVA-Irradiated Dysplastic Keratinocytes.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UVA irradiation affect the keratinocyte cell membrane, DNA, and proteins and may cause serious injury to the skin. Treating human dysplastic keratinocytes (DOK) with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AMT), a common catalase inhibitor, induced a compensatory mechanism for the hydrogen peroxide detoxification, which included a rise in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Here, we examined a possible role of AMT in protecting a human DOK cell line against UVA-induced damage.

Silica Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Autophagy but Not Apoptosis in the MRC-5 Cell Line.

This study evaluated the in vitro effects of 62.5 µg/mL silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs) on MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells for 24, 48 and 72 h. The nanoparticles' morphology, composition, and structure were investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction.

Magnetite nanoparticles induced adaptive mechanisms counteract cell death in human pulmonary fibroblasts.

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) have attracted great interest for biomedical applications due to their unique chemical and physical properties, but the MNP impact on human health is not fully known. Consequently, our study proposes to highlight the biochemical mechanisms that underline the toxic effects of MNP on a human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). The cytotoxicity generated by MNP in MRC-5 cells was dose and time-dependent.

Interaction of silicon-based quantum dots with gibel carp liver: oxidative and structural modifications.

Quantum dots (QDs) interaction with living organisms is of central interest due to their various biological and medical applications. One of the most important mechanisms proposed for various silicon nanoparticle-mediated toxicity is oxidative stress. We investigated the basic processes of cellular damage by oxidative stress and tissue injury following QD accumulation in the gibel carp liver after intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 2 mg/kg body weight Si/SiO2 QDs after 1, 3, and 7 days from their administration.

UVA irradiation of dysplastic keratinocytes: oxidative damage versus antioxidant defense.

UVA affects epidermal cell physiology in a complex manner, but the harmful effects have been studied mainly in terms of DNA damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. We investigated UVA effects on membrane integrity and antioxidant defense of dysplastic keratinocytes after one and two hours of irradiation, both immediately after exposure, and 24 h post-irradiation. To determine the UVA oxidative stress on cell membrane, lipid peroxidation was correlated with changes in fatty acid levels.

Ethanol-induced redox imbalance in rat kidneys.

This study reports the effects of long-term ethanol consumption on kidney redox status, in terms of enzymatic mechanisms involved in regulating the cytosolic [NADH]/[NAD(+) ] balance. Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (2 g/kg body weight/24 h) via intragastric intubation for 10 and 30 weeks, respectively. Ethanol administration induced an enhancement of alcohol dehydrogenase activities and affected the capacity of the kidney to prevent NADH accumulation in the cytosol.

Adapted response of the antioxidant defense system to oxidative stress induced by deoxynivalenol in Hek-293 cells.

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a contaminant of certain foods and feeds, is cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalians cells. Exposure of human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cells to DON led to a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability, with an IC(50) about 7.6 μM.

Depletion of intracellular glutathione and increased lipid peroxidation mediate cytotoxicity of hematite nanoparticles in MRC-5 cells.

Particles generated from numerous anthropogenic and/or natural sources, such as crystalline α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, have the potential to damage lung cells. In our study we investigated the effects of these nanoparticles (12.5 µg/ml) on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative system in MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells following exposure for 24, 48 or 72h.

Modulatory effects of deltamethrin on antioxidant defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in Carassius auratus gibelio liver and intestine.

Pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin, are toxic substances that lead to generation of reactive oxygen species, which harm living organisms. We assessed the level and patterns of imbalance evolved by a single dose of 2 microg/L deltamethrin on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system of Carassius auratus gibelio liver and intestine, and monitored the recovery dynamics of these parameters during a 14-day post-exposure period. LPO and antioxidative defense mechanisms displayed different responses in the investigated tissues.

Malathion-induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of Carassius auratus gibelio.

Pesticides such as malathion, commonly used in agriculture and households, are toxic substances that lead to reactive oxygen species generation, which harms organisms. Ecotoxicological consequences of malathion, particularly its effects on antioxidants in fish, are not well understood. Thus, we investigated the effects of malathion (0.

Biochemical changes in rat testis induced in vitro by reactive oxygen species.

We report the effects of reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet-A radiation on some biochemical parameters specific for oxidative stress, in rat testis homogenates. Results show an increase in lipid peroxidation products under ultraviolet-A exposure, and suggest that the involved mechanism is typical for a radical-mediated chain reaction. The amount of SH groups also increases during irradiation, probably as a consequence of conformational changes in proteins.

Enzymes with new biochemical properties in the pectinolytic complex produced by Aspergillus niger MIUG 16.

A comprehensive study on the purification and characterization of pectinolytic enzymes produced by Aspergillus niger MIUG 16 on raw materials solid-state fermentation is reported. Five pectinolytic enzymes were purified using a combination of chromatographic techniques. The properties of these homogenous enzymes were analyzed.

Ethanol-induced alterations of the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney.

We report here the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided in two identical groups and were treated as follows: control group (water for fluid) and the ethanol-fed group (2 g/kg body weight/24 h). The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks, and respectively 30 weeks of ethanol consumption, and the renal tissue was isolated and analyzed.