Short wavelength infrared optical windows for evaluation of benign and malignant tissues.

There are three short wavelength infrared (SWIR) optical windows outside the conventionally used first near-infrared (NIR) window (650 to 950 nm). They occur in the 1000- to 2500-nm range and may be considered second, third, and fourth NIR windows. The second (1100 to 1350 nm) and third windows (1600 to 1870 nm) are now being explored through label-free linear and multiphoton imaging.

Review: The Prolonged QT Interval: Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Reactive Oxygen Species and the Ceramide and Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Pathways.

Patients with QT prolongation have delayed cardiac repolarization and may suffer fatal ventricular arrhythmias. To determine the role of cytokines in causing this syndrome, we reviewed reports on patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other inflammatory conditions. These patients frequently have prolonged QT, which correlates with increases in tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1β and 6.