Income and education level trajectories and changes in the daily consumption of vegetables after thirteen years of follow-up: the Pró-Saúde Study.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether education level and income trajectories influence vegetable consumption changes over 13 years among civil servants at different campuses of a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: Vegetable intake frequency (daily and non-daily consumption), income (per capita), and education level (maintenance of low schooling/ upward mobility/maintenance of high schooling) were assessed at baseline (1999) and in the fourth wave (2011-12) of the Pró-Saúde (Pro-Health) cohort study. A total of 2,381 participants were analyzed.

Treatment of childhood obesity based on the reduction of ultra-processed foods plus energy restriction: A randomised controlled trial based on the Brazilian guidelines.

Reducing ultra-processed foods (UPF) improves diet quality and may curb energy consumption. This study aimed to compare an intervention based on the reduction of UPF, according to the Dietary Guideline for the Brazilian Population (DGBP), with and without advice on energy intake. A parallel and randomised controlled trial was carried out with children with obesity from 7 to 12 years old.

Evolution of adolescents' dietary patterns in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2018.

Objective: To evaluate the evolution of the dietary patterns of adolescents in the northeast region of Brazil.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF - Household Budget Surveys), collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in the years 2008-2009 and 2017-2018. A total of 3,095 adolescents were evaluated in 2008-2009 and 3,015 in 2017-2018.

A choice architecture intervention targeting school meals and water frequency intake: A school-based randomized trial.

Our aim was to evaluate the impact of choice architecture on school meals and water intake frequency. We conducted a school-based randomized trial in seven elementary municipal public schools (control = 3; intervention = 4) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The interventions group received the following modifications: (1) banner of the daily school meal menu and two superheroes, (2) waterproof tablecloths, (3) posters on healthy eating habits, (4) displays with playful names, (5) new containers for fruits, and (6) colored footprints for one month.

A multicomponent family intervention, combined with salt reduction for children with obesity: a factorial randomized study protocol.

Background: Clinical trials to treat childhood obesity show modest results, weight regain and high dropout rates. Children with obesity often live in families with habits that contribute to unhealthy weight gain. This study will test whether a family intervention with a Brazilian-adapted Planetary Healthy Diet (PHD) and reduced portion sizes, along with increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior, can reduce excessive weight gain.

Adherence to school meals and co-occurrence of the healthy and unhealthy food markers among Brazilian adolescents.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between adherence to school meals and the co-occurrence of the regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy eating markers among Brazilian adolescents. Data from 67,881 adolescents in Brazilian public schools who participated in the 2015 National School Health Survey, were used. From the 7-day FFQ, the dependent variable was constructed, co-occurrence of regular consumption (≥ 5x/week) of healthy and unhealthy food markers, which was categorized as regular consumption of none, one or two, or three eating markers.

Blood pressure variation and ultra-processed food consumption in children with obesity.

To investigate the influence of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in children with obesity, using dietary and urinary markers. We conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial involving children with obesity, aged 7 to 12 years. Over a period of six months, the children and their guardians attended monthly individual consultations and educational activities aimed at promoting a reduction in UPF consumption.

Dietary patterns, obesity markers and leukocyte telomere length among Brazilian civil servants: cross-sectional results from the Pro-Saude study.

Objective: Dietary patterns express the combination and variety of foods in the diet. The partial least squares method allows extracting dietary patterns related to a specific health outcome. Few studies have evaluated obesity-related dietary patterns associated with telomeres length.

Association of the retail food environment, BMI, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic position in urban areas of Mexico.

The retail food environment is a key modifiable driver of food choice and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the density of food retailers, body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns, and socioeconomic position in Mexico. Cross-sectional dietary data, BMI and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico.

Association of non-chronic low back pain with physical function, endurance, fatigability, and quality of life in middle- and older-aged adults: Findings from Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Low back pain (LBP) is an important condition associated with high healthcare burden. However, the relationship of this condition with physical function (PF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unclear. This is a cross-sectional study that aims to investigate the association between presence and intensity of non-chronic LBP with PF and HRQoL in middle-and older-aged adults.

Environment modification at school to promote physical activity among adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of modifications of the school environment on physical activity in Brazilian adolescent students.

Methods: Seven public schools in Duque de Caxias (Brazil) were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group underwent modifications in the school environment (painting of hopscotch and school courts) and the provision of sports equipment (balls, basketball table, soccer goalpost, volleyball nets, and others) to stimulate physical activity.

Dietary patterns of Brazilian adults in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018.

Objectives: To identify dietary patterns among Brazilian adults based on the National Dietary Surveys (INA - Inquéritos Nacionais de Alimentação) in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018, and to verify in the second period the adherence to the patterns according to sociodemographic factors and Brazilian regions.

Methods: We analyzed the first of two days of adults' food consumption (19-59 years) in INA data from 2008-2009 (n = 21,630) and 2017-2018 (n = 28,901). Dietary patterns were derived by exploratory factor analysis from 19 food groups, considering the complexity of the sample design.

Breakfast patterns and weight status among adolescents: a study on the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009.

Examining the composition of breakfast concerning weight status is essential for evaluating adolescent health and understanding this gap. This study aimed to identify breakfast patterns and investigate the relationship with weight status among Brazilian adolescents. We used a subsample of 7425 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey.

Feasibility in meeting nutrient amounts of the National School Feeding Program and its relationship with the menu cost.

We evaluated the feasibility of the menu adequacy regarding the nutritional constraints established by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) and its relation to the cost. Each menu accounted for a given food combination within each food group. A diet optimization model comprising each set of foods was designed to obtain food quantities in order to meet the exigences of the PNAE at the lowest cost (menus with 20% and 30% of dietary reference intake for energy, macronutrients, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A and C, also restrictions for sodium, saturated and trans fats, and added sugar).

The role of family meal frequency in common mental disorders in children and adolescents over eight months of follow-up.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of family meal frequency on the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) in children and adolescents over eight months of follow-up.

Design: Data from this longitudinal study were derived from the PAAPAS-Parents, Students, Community Health Agents, and Teachers for Healthy Eating-community trial. CMD were evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire.

Association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity in adolescents: a systematic review.

This paper aimed to systematically review the results of observational studies that investigated the association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity markers in adolescents. Articles were searched in July 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Of the 3408 studies found, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review.

Effect of phytosterol capsule supplementation associated with the National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet on low-density lipoprotein in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia: A double-blind crossover trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of phytosterol capsule supplementation associated with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diet on LDL-C levels in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia.

Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted with children and adolescents (n = 31; mean ± SD, age 9.0 ± 2.

Reducing ultra-processed foods and increasing diet quality in affordable and culturally acceptable diets: a study case from Brazil using linear programming.

The aim was to design culturally acceptable and healthy diets with reduced energetic share of ultra-processed foods (UPF%) at no cost increment and to evaluate the impact of the change in the UPF% on diet quality. Food consumption and price data were obtained from the Household Budget Survey (n 55 970 households) and National Dietary Survey (n 32 749 individuals). Linear programming models were performed to design diets in which the mean population UPF% was reduced up to 5 % with no cost increment relative to the observed costs.

Protein and energy intake and nutritional evolution of preterm infants after hospital discharge: A longitudinal study.

Background: Preterm infants, especially those with very low birth weight, are more susceptible to nutritional deficiencies and growth restriction after hospital discharge than term infants.

Aims: To investigate the association between energy and protein intake and nutritional evolution of preterm infants during the first year of life of corrected age after hospital discharge.

Study Design: This is a retrospective longitudinal study with 131 preterm infants born at a high-risk neonatal clinic.

Treatment of Childhood Obesity Based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Plus Energy Restriction (PAPPAS HUPE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The Food Guide for the Brazilian Population relies on natural or minimally processed foods mainly of plant origin such as beans and rice with low oil, salt, and sugar content and limited consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Reduction of ultraprocessed foods improves diet quality and energy consumption.

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for the treatment of obesity in children, with counseling based on the Brazilian Food Guide plus control of total energy intake.

Resistant starch type-2 enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch (RS) enriched cookies supplementation on mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf2; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB), involved with inflammation and on uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 26 HD patients was conducted. The patients were assigned to either resistant starch enriched cookies (16 g of RS per day) or placebo cookies supplementation during the first four weeks.