An assessment of chlorine stain and collegiate swimmers.

Background: Swimming is known worldwide as one of the healthiest, low-impact forms of exercise that promotes a strong body, heart, and mind. However, several studies have suggested that swimming pool chlorination is responsible for dental erosion, calculus formation, and stain in competitive and recreational swimmers, a phenomenon known as swimmer's mouth. The purpose of this observational study was to assess chlorine stain on the dentition of competitive female swimmers and divers from a university team and to determine if dental preventive practices affected chlorine stains.

Reduced Depth Technique with the Posterior Superior Alveolar Block.

The posterior superior alveolar (PSA) block is one of many techniques used to provide profound anesthesia for invasive dental procedures. This technique has a long history, with a high success rate, but is not without complication risks. The purpose of this study was to determine if pulpal anesthesia of the maxillary second molar could be achieved using a posterior superior alveolar block with a reduced depth of penetration of 10 mm compared to the current suggested depth of 16 mm.