Influence of Floral Strip Width on Spider and Carabid Beetle Communities in Maize Fields.

The study explored the impact of floral strip width on the spider and carabid beetle communities in maize fields over two years. Three widths of floral strips (2 m, 4 m, and 6 m) were compared with maize-only control strips to evaluate species diversity and distribution. The results showed significant differences in both spider and carabid populations between floral and control strips, with 4 m and 6 m widths consistently harboring higher biodiversity.

[Response of Bacterial and Fungal Communities to Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Straw in Fluvo-aquic Soil].

To investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and straw on bacterial and fungal communities in fluvo-aquic soil under a wheat-maize rotation system in North China, a field-oriented fertilization experiment was performed at a trial base in Ninghe District of Tianjin. The differences in composition, diversity, and structure of bacterial and fungal communities were evaluated using five fertilization patterns (chemical fertilizer, F; chemical fertilizer reduction, FR; chemical fertilizer reduction combined with straw, FRS; chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer, FRO; chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and straw, FROS) using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Further, the main soil environmental factors driving the alteration of bacterial and fungal communities under different fertilization treatments were explored in combination with soil chemical analysis.

[Effects of Transgenic Maize with and Genes C0030.3.5 on the Abundance and Community Structure of Soil Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria].

In order to evaluate the potential risk of planting transgenic corn on soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, in 2015, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected at the jointing stage, tassel stage, milky stage, and ripening stage, and the effects of transgenic maize with the and genes on the abundance and diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria were studied by real-time quantitative PCR and T-RFLP. The results showed that the copy number of the diazotrophic gene in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of transgenic maize with the and genes (C0030.3.

[Effects of tillage methods on soil physicochemical properties and biological characteristics in farmland: A review].

Tillage methods affect soil heat, water, nutrients and soil biology in different ways. Reasonable soil management system can not only improve physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also change the ecological process of farmland soil. Conservation tillage can improve the quality of the soil to different degrees.

[Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on the diversity of soil nitrogen-fixing microbes in Hulunbeier sandy land, Inner Mongolia of North China].

By using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and sequence analysis, this paper studied the nifH gene diversity and community structure of soil nitrogen-fixing microbes in Hulunbeier sandy land of Inner Mongolia under four years management of five vegetation restoration modes, i. e., mixed-planting of Agropyron cristatum, Hedysarum fruticosum, Caragana korshinskii, and Elymus nutans (ACHE) and of Agropyron cristatum and Hedysarum fruticosum (AC), and mono-planting of Caragana korshinskii (UC), Agropyron cristatum (UA), and Hedysarum fruticosum (UH), taking the bare land as the control (CK).

[Effects of different fertilizer application on soil active organic carbon].

The variation characteristics of the content and components of soil active organic carbon under different fertilizer application were investigated in samples of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil from a field experiment growing winter wheat and summer maize in rotation in the North China Plain. The results showed that RF (recommended fertilization), CF (conventional fertilization) and NPK (mineral fertilizer alone) significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon by 24.92-38.

[Optimization of conservation network system for inter-basin wetland ecosystem in Huang-Huai-Hai Region].

By using systematic conservation planning (SCP) method, and taking catchment as planning unit, an optimization of conservation network system for the inter-basin wetland ecosystem in Huang-Huai-Hai Region was conducted, with a comprehensive consideration of 3-dimensional (lateral, longitudinal and vertical) connectivity and Inter-basin Water Transfer Project and by the methods of irreplaceability analysis and gap identification. The efficacy of the optimized conservation network system was evaluated, as compared with the existing conservation network system. According to the principles of irreplaceability and connectivity, the wetland conservation gaps could be divided into two types, i.

[Diversity and community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in Hulunbeier Grassland, Inner Mongolia].

By the methods of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis, a comparative study was conducted on the diversity and community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Filifolium sibiricum steppe, Stipa baicalensis steppe, Leymus chinensis steppe, Stipa grandis steppe, and Stipa kryrowi steppe in Hulunbeier Grassland, Inner Mongolia. A significant difference was observed in the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria among the five steppes, with the similarity lower than 50%. The diversity of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was the highest in F.

[Effect of plantation of transgenic Bt cotton on the amount of rhizospheric soil microorganism and bacterial diversity in the cotton region of Yellow River basin].

Traditional culture-dependent method and PCR-DGGE were adopted to investigate the amount of microorganism and bacterial diversity in rhizospheric soil of transgenic Bt cotton in four provinces of Yellow River basin at four growth stages, i.e., 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing.