A case of endobronchial metastasis of colon cancer mimics sarcoidosis, and a review of related literature.

Purpose: Endobronchial metastases (EBM) are defined as bronchoscopically visible lesions histopathologically identical to extrapulmonary tumors. We summarized the literature on endobronchial metastasis of colorectal cancer and give a brief review.

Method: We present a rare case with an episode mistaken for sarcoidosis and unexpectedly identified as colon cancer by bronchoscopic biopsy.

MCM5 Aggravates the HDAC1-Mediated Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer.

Background: Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is essential in the malignant progression of tumors. However, there is no obvious relationship between the expression of HDAC1 and the survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we explored the involvement of minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 (MCM5) and HDAC1 interaction in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent malignant progression of lung cancer.

Targeting DNA-PK overcomes acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The third-generation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), represented by osimertinib, has achieved remarkable clinical outcomes in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation. However, resistance eventually emerges in most patients and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully understood. In this study, we generated an osimertinib-acquired resistant lung cancer model from a NSCLC cell line H1975 harboring EGFR L858R and T790M mutations.

A pooled analysis of molecularly targeted agents for treatment of metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer in elderly patients.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) in the treatment of elderly patients with metastatic oesophago-gastric cancer (mOGC).

Material And Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases and abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meetings up to January 31, 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Molecular mechanism of acquired drug resistance in the EGFR-TKI resistant cell line HCC827-TR.

Background: The first-line standard treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation is EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, most patients will develop acquired resistance after 9-13 months. This study investigated novel molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs to identify a potential new treatment for EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC patients.

Histologic transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma after chemotherapy: two case reports.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) transformation of lung adenocarcinoma has been reported to take place after target therapy resistance. The patterns and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon needs to be explored. We present two such patients here.

Factors associated with gene aberration test status and treatment decision in patients with unresectable Stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter survey in China (CTONG 1506).

Objectives: This study investigated factors associated with (i) the likelihood of receiving a gene aberration test and (ii) the choice of treatment between chemotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data previously extracted from the medical charts of patients with unresectable Stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC discharged from one of 12 tertiary hospitals in China between August 2015 and March 2016. Logistic regressions were applied to investigate factors associated with receiving a gene aberration test and the treatment decision.

EGFR-TKI resistance and MAP17 are associated with cancer stem cell like properties.

Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations generally react well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However acquired resistance eventually occurs. Several mechanisms contribute to the resistance including T790M mutation, c-Met amplification and PIK3CA mutation.

Histological transformation after acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Non-small-cell lung cancer patients with sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor mutations generally respond well to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, acquired resistance will eventually develop place after 8-16 months. Several mechanisms contribute to the resistance including T790M mutation, c-Met amplification, epithelial mesenchymal transformation and PIK3CA mutation; however, histological transformation is a rare mechanism.

A multicenter survey of first-line treatment patterns and gene aberration test status of patients with unresectable Stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer in China (CTONG 1506).

Background: In recent years, systemic chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have become standard first-line treatments for locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this survey was to investigate first-line anticancer treatment patterns and gene aberration test status of patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC in China.

Methods: Patients included in this study had unresectable Stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC and were admitted during August 2015 to March 2016 into one of 12 tertiary hospitals throughout China for first-line anticancer treatment.

Different schedules of irinotecan administration: A meta-analysis.

The concept of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 genotype-directed schedule of irinotecan administration is still far from being introduced into clinical practice, and the efficacy and toxicity of irinotecan are in part schedule-dependent. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy and adverse effects of 3-weekly vs. weekly irinotecan for the treatment of solid tumors.

The Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy in Patients With Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease: A PRISMA-Compliant Bayesian Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Chemotherapy plays a critical and venturous role against the co-morbidity of nonsmall cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease (NSCLC-ILD).We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chemotherapy in NSCLC-ILD patients.EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinicaltrials.

Increased risk of severe infections in cancer patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) have been widely used in a variety of solid malignancies. Concerns have arisen regarding the risk of severe infections (≥grade 3) with use of these drugs, but the contribution of VEGFR-TKIs to infections is still unknown.

Methods: The databases of PubMed and abstracts presented at oncology conferences' proceedings were searched for relevant studies from January 2000 to December 2014.

LKB1 gene inactivation does not sensitize non-small cell lung cancer cells to mTOR inhibitors in vitro.

Aim: Previous study has shown that endometrial cancers with LKB1 inactivation are highly responsive to mTOR inhibitors. In this study we examined the effect of LKB1 gene status on mTOR inhibitor responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Methods: Lung cancer cell lines Calu-1, H460, H1299, H1792, and A549 were treated with the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin or everolimus (RAD001).

Overexpression of SAMD9 suppresses tumorigenesis and progression during non small cell lung cancer.

The Sterile Alpha Motif Domain-containing 9 (SAMD9) gene has been recently emphasized during the discovery that it is expressed at a lower level in aggressive fibromatosis and some cases of breast and colon cancer, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that SAMD9 is down-regulated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, knockdown of SAMD9 expression is increased the invasion, migration and proliferation in H1299 cells in vitro and overexpression of SAMD9 suppressed proliferation and invasion in A549 cells.

Fast-track surgery for gastroenteric neoplasms: a meta-analysis.

Aims And Background: Fast-track surgery has been shown to enhance postoperative recovery. The objective of the study was to determine the differences of fast-track surgery and conventional care for patients with gastroenteric neoplasms.

Methods And Study Design: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for related trials to compare hospital stay and rates of complications and readmission.

Intermittent pneumatic compression pump for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication after the treatment of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of an intermittent pneumatic pump (IPC) could manage lymphedema effectively.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for related trials to compare the percent of volume reduction and subjective symptoms.

Erlotinib in a patient with vaginal carcinoma and pulmonary metastasis: A case report.

Erlotinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is widely used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, there are currently no reports of the efficacy of erlotinib in patients with metastatic vaginal carcinoma.

Molecular mechanisms of LKB1 induced cell cycle arrest.

LKB1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase mutated in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Biallelic inactivation of LKB1 is present in up to 30% of cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a tumor suppressor, LKB1 functions in arresting the cell cycle and inhibiting cell growth.

Negative regulation of mTOR activity by LKB1-AMPK signaling in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Aim: To investigate the role of LKB1 in regulation of mTOR signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Methods: LKB1 protein expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, 4E-BP1 and S6K in the cells were assessed using Western blotting in various NSCLC cell lines (A549, H460, H1792, Calu-1 and H1299). Energy stress was mimicked by treating the cells with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG).

Establishment and gene expression profiling of LKB1 stable knockdown lung cancer cell line.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in China. Mutation analysis reveals that LKB1 inactivation is present in 30% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating its role as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanism is still not clear.

HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir induces cytotoxicity of human endothelial cells.

Objective: Although HIV protease inhibitors have been successfully used against HIV infection, many metabolic side effects and premature cardiovascular diseases are often associated with this therapy. The mechanisms of these complications are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir on human endothelial cell cultures.

Nicotine and cotinine up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells.

Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for both vascular disease and various forms of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial-specific mitogen that is normally expressed only in low levels in normal arteries but may be involved in the progression of both vascular disease and cancer. Some clinical evidence suggests that cigarette smoking may increase plasma VEGF levels, but there is a lack of basic science studies investigating this possibility.

Homocysteine decreases endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine arteries.

Background: Although hyperhomocysteinemia has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for vascular disease, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of homocysteine are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of homocysteine on vasomotor function and endothelial integrity in intact porcine arteries.

Methods: Pig coronary artery rings were incubated with homocysteine (10, 50, or 100 microM) for 24 h.

Shear stress regulates occludin and VEGF expression in porcine arterial endothelial cells.

Background: One of the initiating factors of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein in the intima. Despite the correlation between low shear stress and vascular lesion formation, there is little research on the effects of shear stress on the molecular regulators of endothelial cell permeability. In this study, the effects of shear stress on the expression of occludin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two important regulators of endothelial permeability, were investigated.