Perfluorobutanoic Acid (PFBA) Induces a Non-Enzymatic Oxidative Stress Response in Soybean ( L. Merr.).

Short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are generally considered to be of less environmental concern than long-chain analogues due to their comparatively shorter half-lives in biological systems. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) is a short-chain PFAS with the most root-shoot transfer factor of all PFAS. We investigated the impact of extended exposure of soybean plants to irrigation water containing environmentally relevant (100 pg-100 ng/L) to high (100 µg-1 mg/L) concentrations of PFBA using phenotypical observation, biochemical characterization, and transcriptomic analysis.