Evaluation of the Incidence of Nocardia Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis.

Background: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the preferred prophylactic agent for pneumonia (PJP) and toxoplasmosis after solid organ transplant (SOT). Compared with other agents, it has additional activity against species.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of infection in SOT patients receiving TMP-SMX or an alternative agent for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis.

Divergent Population Trends of Two Sympatric Auk Species in the Rapidly Warming Gulf of Maine.

Rapidly warming global temperatures are having a widespread influence on wildlife communities across taxa, with southern-edge populations often experiencing the greatest negative impacts. However, sympatric species may exhibit divergent demographic responses due to differences in life history strategies and niche separation. We used integrated population models to estimate abundance, survival, and productivity for Atlantic Puffins and Razorbills nesting at the southern edge of their breeding range in the rapidly warming Gulf of Maine.

Local adaptation to climate facilitates a global invasion.

Local adaptation may facilitate range expansion during invasions, but the mechanisms promoting destructive invasions remain unclear. Cheatgrass (), native to Eurasia and Africa, has invaded globally, with particularly severe impacts in western North America. We sequenced 307 genotypes and conducted controlled experiments.

Safety and efficacy outcomes of early cessation of anti-PD1 therapy in patients 80 years or older: A retrospective cohort study.

Older patients have similar immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and rates of adverse events as younger patients, but appear to have decreased tolerability, particularly in the oldest patient cohort (>80 years), often leading to early cessation of therapy. We aimed to determine whether early discontinuation impacts efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients ≥80 years old. In this retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study, we examined 773 patients with 4 tumor types who were at least 80 years old and treated with anti-PD-1 therapy.

From mutation to management: Advancing Langerhans cell histiocytosis treatment through combination therapies.

The treatment landscape for relapsed Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is fraught with uncertainty due to a scarcity of data. Karri et al.'s study provides promising evidence that combining MAPK pathway inhibitors with chemotherapy could improve outcomes, even for patients with multiple relapses.

The incredible shrinking puffin: Decreasing size and increasing proportional bill size of Atlantic puffins nesting at Machias Seal Island.

Climate change imposes physiological constraints on organisms particularly through changing thermoregulatory requirements. Bergmann's and Allen's rules suggest that body size and the size of thermoregulatory structures differ between warm and cold locations, where body size decreases with temperature and thermoregulatory structures increase. However, phenotypic plastic responses to malnutrition during development can result in the same patterns while lacking fitness benefits.

Dosing strategies for once-daily extended release tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients based on genotype.

Background: Tacrolimus extended-release tablets have been Food and Drug Administration-approved for use in the kidney transplant population. Dosing requi rements often vary for tacrolimus based on several factors including variation in metabolism based on expression. Patients who express often require higher dosing of immediate-release tacrolimus, but this has not been established for tacrolimus extended-release tablets in the setting.

Name, Image, and Likeness and the Health of the Young Athlete: A Call to Action for Sports Medicine Providers and the Athletic Healthcare Network.

Context: In June 2021, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted a new policy allowing NCAA athletes the opportunity to benefit and profit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). Several state high-school associations have established policies to guide their members and students through the new era of NIL. While the potential benefits cannot be ignored, NIL presents novel responsibilities and stressors to athletes.

Molecular phylogeography and historical demography of a widespread herbaceous species from eastern North America, Podophyllum peltatum.

Premise: Glacial/interglacial cycles and topographic complexity are both considered to have shaped today's diverse phylogeographic patterns of taxa from unglaciated eastern North America (ENA). However, few studies have focused on the phylogeography and population dynamics of wide-ranging ENA herbaceous species occurring in forest understory habitat. We examined the phylogeographic pattern and evolutionary history of Podophyllum peltatum L.

Deciphering the True Immunologic Risk in Renal Transplantation in Patients With HIV.

Since 1995, rates of end-stage renal disease have risen dramatically in patients living with HIV infection. However, given the concern for higher rates of acute rejection in this patient population, the immunologic threat posed by HIV infection is a specter clinicians must continually confront. Living donor transplantation may negate this risk; this study aims to assess the benefit of living donor transplantation in this population and to ascertain the immunologic risk faced by patients who are HIV-infected.

Regulation of SELENOF translation by eIF4a3: Possible role in prostate cancer progression.

The levels of the SELENOF selenoprotein are dramatically reduced in prostate cancer compared to adjacent benign tissue and reducing SELENOF in prostate epithelial cells results in the acquisition of features of the transformed phenotype. It was hypothesized that the aberrant increase in the eiF4a3 translation factor, which has an established role in RNA splicing and the regulation of selenoprotein translation, contributes to the lower levels of SELENOF. Using the available databases, eIF4a3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are elevated in prostate cancer compared to normal tissue as is the hypomethylation of the corresponding gene.

Reducing opioid related deaths for individuals who are at high risk of death from overdose: a co-production study with people housed within prison and hostel accommodation during Covid-19.

Background: A record number of Opioid-related deaths occurred in Northern Ireland in 2021 and it is acknowledged that the Covid-19 pandemic compounded drugs related deaths crisis. This co-production study set out to refine the design of a wearable device for Opioid users to detect and subsequently prevent a potential overdose situation.

Method: Purposive sampling was used to recruit people who had substance use disorders and were living in a hostel and prison during the Covid-19 pandemic.

A systematic review of opioid use and multimodal strategies in solid organ transplant recipients and living donors.

The opioid epidemic has impacted analgesia in the postoperative period for solid organ transplant (SOT) donors and recipients. However, optimal pain management and opioid stewardship strategies have not been identified across this unique population. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of perioperative opioid use and to describe multimodal analgesic strategies to reduce opiate use in SOT recipients and living donors.

Ibrutinib Is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Events and Major Bleeding in Older CLL Patients.

Background: Early ibrutinib trials showed an association between ibrutinib use and risk of bleeding and atrial fibrillation (AF) in younger chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Little is known about these adverse events in older CLL patients and whether increased AF rates are associated with increased stroke risk.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of stroke, AF, myocardial infarction, and bleeding in CLL patients treated with ibrutinib with those who were treated without ibrutinib in a linked SEER-Medicare database.

Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers.

SELENOF, previously known as SEP15, is a selenoprotein that contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. Like other selenoproteins, the role for SELENOF in carcinogenesis has been investigated due to its altered expression compared to the corresponding normal tissue, its molecular function, and the association of genetic variations in the gene to cancer risk or outcome. This review summarizes SELENOF's discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression.

Reticulocyte mitochondrial retention increases reactive oxygen species and oxygen consumption in mouse models of sickle cell disease and phlebotomy-induced anemia.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation of the β-globin gene that results in the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). People with SCD experience anemia, severe acute pain episodes, persistent chronic pain, multiorgan damage, and a reduced life span. The pathophysiology of SCD caused by the polymerization of HbS on deoxygenation results in red cell deformability and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Age and the Risk of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator.

Background: The benefit of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in elderly patients is controversial.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) and ICD shocks by age groups and to assess the competing risk for VTA and death without prior VTA.

Methods: The study included 5,170 primary prevention ICD recipients enrolled in 5 landmark ICD trials (MADIT [Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial] II, MADIT-Risk, MADIT-CRT [MADIT Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy], MADIT-RIT [MADIT Reduce Inappropriate Therapy], and RAID [Ranolazine in High-Risk Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillator]).

A Number of Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors Increase the Risk for Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To analyze the current literature regarding risk factors associated with medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injury in baseball players and to serve as a robust source for identifying modifiable risk factors that once optimized, have the potential to reduce injury risk.

Methods: Comprehensive search of the available literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Studies were included if they evaluated risk factors for MUCL injuries in the elbow of baseball players.

Associations of selenoprotein expression and gene methylation with the outcome of clear cell renal carcinoma.

Selenoproteins are a ubiquitous class of proteins defined by having a selenocysteine amino acid residue. While many of the selenoproteins have been well characterized with important roles in oxidation-reduction reactions and hormone synthesis among others, there exist some whose biological roles are not as well understood as denoted by the "SELENO" root. In this study, we explored associations between the reported RNA levels of "SELENO" proteins and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of renal carcinoma in the US.

Factors influencing mercury levels in Leach's storm-petrels at northwest Atlantic colonies.

Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed heavy metal, with negative effects on wildlife. Its most toxic form, methylmercury (MeHg), predominates in aquatic systems. Levels of MeHg in marine predators can vary widely among individuals and populations.

Role of SELENBP1 and SELENOF in prostate cancer bioenergetics.

The contribution of selenium and selenoproteins in prostate cancer etiology remains elusive, potentially due to insufficient information regarding the biochemical pathways in which they are involved. There are twenty-five human selenocysteine-containing proteins or selenoproteins as well as a smaller class of selenium-containing proteins that do not include selenocysteine, and their cancer-associated aberrations, both genetic and functional, have evoked special interest, although their contribution to the metabolic reprogramming of prostate cancers remains has not been extensively studied. While benign prostate tissue exhibits a glycolytic phenotype, neoplastic events restore the truncated tricarboxylic acid cycle and enhance oxidative phosphorylation.