Microencapsulation and sonication: A multiple physical approach to attenuate the probiotic ATCC 393.

Modulation of probiotic performances represents a tool to avoid the probiotic off-flavor in probiotic food. Microencapsulation and sonication were evaluated in slowing down the ATCC 393 induced acidification. Firstly, the influence of alginate concentration and chitosan coating on acidification rate were tested.

Development of Antimicrobial Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Films Activated with Nisin for Food Packaging Applications.

The cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is characterized by the nano-sized (fibers with a diameter between 5 and 20 nm and a length between 2 and 10 μm), flexible and cross-linked structure that confer enhanced mechanical and gas barrier properties to cellulosic fiber-based packaging materials. The purpose of this work was to develop an antimicrobial packaging film by direct mixing nisin with CNF, followed by coating it onto polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polylactic acid (PLA) films. The antimicrobial effectiveness of CNF-Nis+PE, CNF-Nis+PP, and CNF-Nis+PLA was investigated both in vitro end in ex vivo tests.

Novel microencapsulated yeast for the primary fermentation of green beer: kinetic behavior, volatiles and sensory profile.

The development of innovative and more cost-effective approaches of making beer throughout continuous fermentation process remains a challenging problem, which is worthy of serious exploration. The current work focuses on the application of a commercial brewing yeast (S. cerevisiae Nottingham Ale), entrapped into chitosan-calcium alginate double layer microcapsules, for the production of a Pale Ale beer.

Yeast cells in double layer calcium alginate-chitosan microcapsules for sparkling wine production.

This paper focuses on the use of a new type of yeast encapsulation procedure, applying the chitosan-calcium alginate double layer microcapsules, for the production of Riesling sparkling wine. Four different sparkling wines were produced by free or encapsulated yeasts. The four types of yeast used were adapted (Free EtOH-A, Encapsulated EtOH-A) and non-adapted to ethanol (Free, Encapsulated).

Metabolic Profiling and Cold-Starvation Stress Response of Oxygen-Tolerant Strains Cultured in Batch Bioreactor.

Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that many LAB strains can grow in presence of oxygen and can shift from fermentative to aerobic and/or respiratory metabolism. The aerobic and respiratory growth of several LAB species have been studied, allowing the selection of strains showing improved biomass production, long-term survival, and resistance under oxygen and stress conditions. The aim of this work was to observe the adaptation of two strains, described in a previous work, to aerobic (air injection) and respiratory (air injection plus hemin and menaquionone) conditions obtained in a batch bioreactor.

Adaptation to Aerobic Environment of Strains.

Oxygen is considered one of the main factors affecting probiotic bacteria survival due to the induction of oxidative damages caused by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been shown that oxidative stress resistance in lactic acid bacteria is strongly dependent on the type of cell metabolism. Shift from fermentative to respiratory metabolism (through the addition of heme and menaquinone and in presence of oxygen) was associated to increase in biomass, long-term survival, and production of antioxidant enzymes.

Draft Genome Sequences of the Aerobic Strains AL3 and AL5.

Adaptation to the aerobic environment has been investigated in heterofermentative lactobacilli, while data on how homofermentative lactobacilli adapt to oxygen are limited. We report here the draft genome sequences of the aerobic strains AL3 and AL5 that allow an in-depth investigation of the genes involved in oxidative metabolism and the stress response.