Publications With Nephrological Themes Appearing Diachronically in the PubMed Bibliographical Database.

Objectives: Nephrology in the last 50 years has undergone important scientific developments, which have formally revolutionized clinical practice, including renal biopsy, renal replacement therapy, and transplantation. The understanding of the pathogenesis and the clinical course of renal disease has also steadily improved, resulting in renewal of definitions, classifications, and therapeutics in nephrology. In this context, publications with nephrological content are also expanding.

Hippocrates' Intuition on the Renal Tubule's Role in Ion Exchange.

Objectives: The goal of this article was to trace any similarity between the current knowledge on the physiology of the afferent, efferent convoluted tubules, the Loop of Henle, and a passage of Hippocrates' work "Regimen."

Materials And Methods: We compared the function of the renal tubule with the Regimen (1.6) passage on the similarity between the sawing of a tree and the body's function.

Emperor's syndrome in the COVID-19 era: Time for patient-centered nephrology?

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a wake-up call in which has forced us to react worldwide. Health policies and practices have attracted particular attention in terms of human and financial cost. Before COVID-19, chronic kidney disease was already considered a risk multiplier in patients with diabetes and hypertension, the two now being the major risk factors for COVID-19 infection and adverse outcome.

Medea's Nuptial Gifts: Myth and Biomedical Reality.

In all art forms, Medea is mainly represented as the tragic witch from Colchis (contemporary Georgia), who slaughtered her sons and killed her erotic rival Glauke and her father, King Creon of Corinth, by offering an elaborate poisonous nuptial garment. Euripides described the victims' symptoms as a sudden extreme inflammation, leading anyone coming into contact with the garment to death. In other version, the inflammation is described as pure fire.

The Transnationalism of Nephrological Treatises during the Middle Ages.

The paper presents the history of the dissemination of knowledge about renal issues during the Middle Ages based on the transfer of manuscripts from the centres of knowledge of the then known world to the periphery. Starting from the Greco-Roman world it follows the transfer of manuscripts and ideas via three main roads. Firstly, the North Road extends till the remote Ireland on the West and Russia to the East, secondly, the South Road reaching Arabia and Central Africa and thirdly, the East Road otherwise named the Silk Road.

On some exotic urine colors in ancient and Byzantine Greek literature.

This work does not analyze the entire subject of uroscopy but focuses on a very small part thereof: i.e., some rare urine colors, in particular green and blue.

Tracing the roots of the idea of dialysis: a leap of 20 centuries--from "catharsis" to dialysis.

In this article, we comment on a primitive foresight of Galen's regarding the value of blood purification. His main arguments are based on: (i) The disease-blood concept, i.e.

Comparison of estimated creatinine clearance among five formulae (Cockroft-Gault, Jelliffe, Sanaka, simplified 4-variable MDRD and DAF) and the 24hours-urine-collection creatinine clearance.

Background: GFR estimation is of major importance in everyday clinical practice. Usually it is done using one of the many eGFR equations available. In this study we compared in our population four widespread eGFR equations and our own empirical eGFR, with creatinine clearance calculated through a timed urine collection.

Evolution of Fabry disease in male patients: the Greek experience.

Fabry disease is a progressive metabolic disorder with a clinical course characterized by different phases and a variety of disease manifestations. The first symptoms generally appear in childhood or early adolescence and are followed by late life-threatening complications involving vascular, renal, cardiac, and cerebral systems. We report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 16 male patients from 10 unrelated families who represent almost the entire cohort of known Fabry patients in Greece.

Juxtaposition of Actuarius' versus Galen's ideas on renal physiology: the impact of 12 centuries.

Although some elements of renal physiology can be traced to scattered references in Greek medical writings, mainly in Hippocrates' and Erasistratus' works, it was Galen who made the first breakthrough observations regarding the function of the kidneys. He often wrote his observations not as a diatribe, but as a confrontation with other physicians, mainly of the Erasistratian School. He outlined the great importance of the disproportionally large blood supply of the kidneys, an over-proportion not observed in any other organ, rightly arguing that this is a teleological procedure to achieve satisfactory body clearance.

Thirty-six Hippocratic aphorisms of nephrologic interest.

In this article, we discuss the nephrologic content within Hippocrates' Aphorisms. Although similar attempts have taken place ever since antiquity, we believe that in each era new insights may be gained by examining the aphorisms through the prism of current medical knowledge. Of the 400 aphorisms in the Hippocratic text, we discuss the 36 that we consider to be most relevant to nephrology.

Human and ape: the legend, the history and the DNA.

A vast amount of papers is published every year about species evolution, the most interesting being those recently published in the journal "Nature", concerning the human-ape relationship. The results and the new theories generated from this research are sometimes astonishing, raising not only biological, but also social, religious and cultural questions. One of the new questions concerns the role of species interbreeding as a means of evolution.

"You can't make a monkey out of us": Galen and genetics versus Darwin.

The views on the biological relationship between human and ape are polarized. One end is summarized by the axiom that "man is the third chimpanzee", a thesis put forward in an indirect way initially by Charles Darwin in the 19th century. The other is a very modern concept that although similar, the human and ape genomes are distinctly different.

HPRT deficiency as the cause of ESRD in a 24-year-old patient: a very rare presentation of the disorder.

A 24-year-old male with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and disproportionately high uric acid plasma concentration was admitted to our unit. After studying the patient's medical history, as well as that of the entire family, hyperuricemia was discovered in his brother, while microscopic examination of his brother's and mother's urine revealed abundant uric acid crystals. After performing purine metabolic studies, it was determined that the two siblings suffered from partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency (Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome).